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Drought Stress Adaptation in Norway Spruce and Related Genomics Work

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The Spruce Genome

Part of the book series: Compendium of Plant Genomes ((CPG))

Abstract

Ongoing climate change has resulted in more frequent occurrences of stress events including droughts. Global warming affects all living organisms, especially forest trees. Norway spruce has become the dominant forestation species in Central Europe thanks to historical directions in forest stands management. However, the species is more drought stress sensitive compared to others such as silver fir or European beech. Therefore, health and productivity of local forests may be jeopardized when prolonged drought periods become a common phenomenon. Nevertheless, moderate levels of genetic variability in response to drought stress have been identified, between provenances, as well as among individuals within provenances, and thus, in this respect, selection for genetically superior planting stock is worthwhile. Drought stress response is mainly driven by the flexibility in stomata closure to prevent further water loss as a direct reaction to intrinsic water potential change; stomatal closure is controlled through the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). The development of a more complex root system via root tips and root hairs elongation to improve soil water search, as well as presence of specific pit membrane structures (torus) between xylem tracheids, which limits the propagation of embolisms, serve as additional protective measures against drought stress in spruce. To better understand the genetic architecture of drought tolerance, several genome-wide approaches such as quantitative trait locus (QTL) map**, gene expression profiling, or association studies have been implemented. QTL analyses suggest a positive relationship between stomatal conductance and water use efficiency and a favorable relationship with growth. Among many GWAS derived genetic associations, genes encoding proteins for phytohormones biosynthesis and signaling implicated in abiotic stress responses (such as ABA) were identified. These recent genomics studies suggest several key players in genetic resistance to drought in Norway spruce, intriguingly, also some candidates conserved across distantly related conifer species. We conclude by providing directions for future research into drought resistance under the pressing need to identify the best locally adapted planting stock for future climates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), 49 Sala Street, Whakarewarewa, Rotorua, 3010, New Zealand

    Jaroslav Klápště

  2. Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden

    Jonathan Lecoy & María del Rosario García-Gil

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  1. Jaroslav Klápště
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Correspondence to Jaroslav Klápště .

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  1. Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada

    Ilga M. Porth

  2. School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA

    Amanda R. De la Torre

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Klápště, J., Lecoy, J., del Rosario García-Gil, M. (2020). Drought Stress Adaptation in Norway Spruce and Related Genomics Work. In: Porth, I., De la Torre, A. (eds) The Spruce Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21001-4_9

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