Abstract
The experience with the [female condom] allowed us to re-assess our decision-making capacity, our right to health services, the importance of our bodies as our work tool, the importance of self-care and the perception of risk as key factors to move ourselves towards self-protection and prevention. This device is of great help to prevent HIV infection, but more important, it can help liberate that woman who is now a victim of machismo, infected not only with the virus, but also mentally and spiritually with a selfishness that has no place in a couple’s relationship (Colimoro, 1993).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander, N. J. (1990). Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: Virus entry into the male and female genital tract. Fertility and Sterility, 54, 1–18.
Allen, S., Lindan, C., Serufilira, A., Van de Perre, P., Rundle, A. C., Nsengumuremyi, F., Carael, M., Schwalbe, J., & Hulley, S. (1991). Human immunodeficiency virus infection in urban Rwanda. Journal of the American Medical Association, 266, 1657–1663.
Anderson, D. J. (1992). Mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission via somen. Journal of NIH Research, 4, 104–108.
Aral, S. O., Mosher, W. D., & Cates, W., Jr. (1992). Vaginal douching among women of reproductive age in the United States: 1988. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 210–214.
Bailey, M. (1993). The passage of adolescence. Paper delivered at the New York State Psychiatric Institute meeting on “Young women: Increased vulnerability for HIV/STD infection.” New York, July 14, 1993.
Bassett, M., Ray, C. S., Nicolette, J., & Managazna, P. (1993). Acceptability of the female condom among CSWs. Eighth International Conference on AIDS in Africa (abstract TOP29). Marrakesh, Morocco, December 12–16, 1993.
Bounds, W. Guillebaud, J., & Newman, G. B. (1992). Female condom (Femidom): A clinical study of its use-effectiveness and patient acceptability. British Journal of Family Planning, 18, 36–41.
Bruce, J. (1987). Users’ perspectives on contraceptive technology and delivery systems: Highlighting some feminist issues. Technology in Society, 9, 359–383.
Bulterys, M., Chao, A., Dushimimana, A., Habimana P., Nawrocki, P., Kurawige, J. B., Musanganire, F., & Saah, A. (1993). Multiple sexual partners and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. AIDS, 117, 1639–1645.
Campbell, A. A., & Baldwin, W. (1991). The response of American women to the threat of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 4, 1133–1140.
Carrington, B. W., Thompson, R. L., Mitchell, J. L., Namero, P. B., Gordon, T., Loftman, P. O., & Williams, S. B. (1993). The need for family planning services for women delivering with little or no prenatal care. Women and Health, 20, 1–9.
Catania, J. A., Coates, T. J., Stall, R., Turner, H., Peterson, J., Hearst, N., Dolcini, M. M., Hudes, E., Gagnon, J., & Wiley, J. (1992). Prevalence of AIDS-related risk factors and condom use in the United States. Science, 258, 1101–1106.
Cates, W., & Hinman, A. R. (1992). AIDS and absolutism—the demand for perfection in prevention. New England Journal of Medicine, 327, 492–494.
Cates, W., Jr., Stewart, F., & Trussell, J. (1992). Commentary: The quest for women’s prophylactic methods—hopes vs. science. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 1479–1482.
Cates, W., & Stone, K. M. (1992). Family planning, sexually transmitted diseases and contraceptive choice: A literature update—part 1. Studies in Family Planning, 24, 75–84.
Celentano, D. D., Klassen, A. C., Weisman, C. S., & Rosenhein, N. B. (1987). The role of contraceptive use in cervical cancer: The Maryland cervical cancer case-control study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 126, 592–604.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1994). Heterosexually acquired AIDS—United States, 1993. Journal of the American Medical Association, 271, 975–976.
Chalker, R. (1987). The complete cervical cap guide (pp. 175–176). New York: Harper & Row.
Chao, A., Bulterys, M., Musanganire, F., Mukafaranswa, B., Nawrocki, P., Dushimimana, A., Hoover, D., & Saah, A. (1991). Risk factors for HIV-1 among pregnant women in Rwanda. Poster No. MC 3097. Seventh International Conference on AIDS, Florence.
Chu, S. Y., Buehler, J. W., Fleming, P. L., & Berkelmen, R. L. (1990). Epidemiology of reported cases of AIDS in lesbians, United States 1980–89. American Journal of Public Health, 80, 1380–1381.
Clemetson, D. B. A., Moss, G. B., Willerford, D. M., Hensel, M., Emonyi, W., Holmes, K. K., Plummer, F., Ndinya-Achola, J., Roberts, P., Hillier, S., & Kreiss, J. K. (1993). Detection of HIV DNA in cervical and vaginal secretions: Prevalence and correlates among women in Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of the American Medical Association, 269, 2860–2864.
Colimoro, C. (1993). El condon femenino. Presentation at the Fourth National Congress on AIDS, Mexico City, October, 13-15.
Corey, L. (1990). Genital herpes. In K. K. Holmes, P. Mardh, P. F. P. F. Sparling, P. J. Wiesner, W. Cates, S. M. Lemon, & W. E. Stamm (Eds.), Sexually transmitted diseases, 2nd ed. (pp. 391–413). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Cramer, D. W., Goldman, M. B., Schiff, I., Belisle, S., Albrecht, B., Stadel, B., Gibson, M., Wilson, E., Stillman, R., & Thompson, I. (1987). The relationship of tubal infertility to barrier method and oral contraceptive use. Journal of the American Medical Association, 257, 2446–2450.
Cutler, J. C., Singh, B., Carpenter, U., Nickens, O., Scarola, A., Sussman, N., Wade, M., Volkin, L., Marsico, A., & Balisky, H. (1977). Vaginal contraceptives as prophylaxis against gonorrhea and other sexually transmissible diseases. Advances in Planned Parenthood, 12, 45–55.
Des Jarlais, D. C., Freidman, S. R., Sotheran, J. L., Wenston, J., Marmor, M., Yancovitz, S. R., Frank, B., Beatrice, S., & Mildvan, D. (1994). Continuity and change within an HIV epidemic: Injecting drug users in New York City, 1984 through 1992. Journal of the American Medical Association, 271, 121–127.
De Vincenzi, I., and the European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV. (1994). A longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus transmission by heterosexual partner. New England Journal of Medicine 331, 341–346.
Drew, W. L., Blair, M., Miner, R. C., & Conant, M. (1990). Evaluation of the virus permeability of a new condom for women. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 17, 110–112.
Duncan, M. E., Tibaux, G., Pelzer, A., Reimann, K., Peutherer, J. F., Simmonds, P., Young, H., Jamil, H., & Daroughar, S. (1990). First coitus and risk of sexually transmitted disease. Lancet, 335, 338–340.
Ehrhardt, A. A., Yingling, S., Zawadzki, R., & Martinez-Ramirez, M. (1992). Prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV: Barriers for women. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality 5:1 & 2:37–67.
Ehrhardt, A. A., Nostlinger, C., Meyer-Bahlburg, H., Exner, T. M., Gruen, R. S., Yingling, S. L., Gorman, J. M., El-Sadr, W., & Sorrell, S. J. (1995). Sexual risk behavior among women with injected drug use histories. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, in press.
Elias, C., & Heise, L. (1993). The development of microbicides: A new method of HIV prevention for women. Working papers, No. 6. New York: The Population Council.
Elias, C. (1993). Roundtable on women’s methods. Ninth International Conference on AIDS, Berlin, June 7–11, 1993.
Elias, C. (1995). A puzzle of will: Responding to reproductive tract infections in the context of family planning programs. In Population council. Critical issues in reproductive health and population (pp. 5-23). Presentations from a panel held on Professional Development Day at the USAID Cooperating Agencies meeting, Washington, DC., February 25, 1994.
European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV (1992). Comparison of female to male and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples. British Medical Journal, 304, 809–813.
Fathalla, M. F. (1990). Relationship between contraceptive technology and HIV transmission. Heterosexual transmission of AIDS. New York: Alan Liss.
Feldblum, P. J. (1994). Spermicide acceptability among women and men at risk of STD. International Society of Sexually Transmitted Disease Research, August 28–31, 1995.
Feldblum, P., Hira, S., Kamanga, J., Mukelabai, G., Weir, S., & Thomas, J. Condom and Nonoxynol-9 use and HIV incidence in serodiscordant couples in Zambia. Unpublished abstract.
Feldblum, P. J., & Weir, S. S. (1995). The protective effect of nonoxynol-9 against HIV infection (letter). American Journal of Public Health, 84, 1032–1033.
Ferreira, A. E., Araujo, M. J., Regina, C. H., Diniz, S. G., & Faundes, A. (1993). Effectiveness of the diaphragm, used continuously, without spermicide. Contraception, 48, 29–35.
Ford, N., & Mathie, E. (1993). The acceptability and experience of the female condom, Femidom, among family planning clinic attenders. British Journal of Family Planning, 19, 187–192.
Garland, S. M., Newman, D. M., & de Crespigny, L. C. (1989). Plastic wrap for ultrasound transducers: Herpes simplex virus transmission. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 8, 661–663.
Germain, A. (1993). Are we speaking the same language? Women’s health advocates and scientists talk about contraceptive technology. In Four essays on birth control needs and risks, R. Dixon-Mueller and A. Germain (Eds.). New York: International Women’s Health Coalition.
Gollub, E. (1993). The female condom: STD protection in the hands of women. American Journal of Gynecological Health, Jul/Aug, 9-10.
Gollub, E. (1995). STD/HIV prevention in the hands of women. HIV in Women Conference, Washington, DC., February 22–24, 1995.
Gollub, E., & Stein, Z. (1992). Nonoxynol-9 and the reduction of HIV transmission in women (letter) AIDS, 6, 599–601.
Gollub, E., & Stein, Z. (1993a). Woman-controlled HIV prevention: Meeting women’s needs in an inner-city hospital setting. In Abstract No. PO-CO4-2627. Proceedings of the International Conference on AIDS (Berlin, June 6–11), 2, 655.
Gollub, E., & Stein, Z. (1993b). The new female condom—item one on a woman’s AIDS prevention agenda. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 498–500.
Gollub, E., & Stein, Z. (1995). Short-term acceptability of the female condom among women living or working in Harlem. Family Planning Perspectives, in press.
Gollub, E., French, P., Latka, M., & O’Donnell, J. (1995). Philadelphia Women’s Health Sister Studies: Novel Approaches to Reducing STD/HIV Risk among Attending an STD Clinic (poster). HIV Infection in Women Conference, Washington, DC., February 22-24, 1995.
Grafenberg, E., & Dickinson, R. L. (1944). Conception control by plastic cervix cap. Western Journal of Surgery, 335-340.
Gupta, G. R., & Weiss, E. (1993). Women and AIDS: Develo** a new health strategy. ICRW Policy Series No. 1. October, Washington, DC.
Hardon, A. (1992). The needs of women versus the interests of family planning personnel, policy-makers and researchers: Conflicting news on safety and acceptability of contraceptives. Social Science in Medicine, 6, 753–766.
Harlan, L. C., Bernstein, A. B., & Kessler, L. G. (1991). Cervical cancer screening: Who is not screened and why? American Journal of Public Health, 81, 885–891.
Hatcher, R. A., & Warner, D. L. (1992). New condoms for men and women, diaphragms, cervical caps and spermicides: Overcoming barriers to barriers and spermicides. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4, 513–519.
Hatcher, R. A., Trussell, J., Stewart, F., Stewart, G. K., Kowal, D., Guest, F., Cates, W., & Policar, M. (1994). Contraceptive Technology, Sixteenth Revised Edition (Chapters 8, 9, 27). New York: Irvington Publishers.
Healton, C. (1991). In harm’s way—Urban minority youth and the AIDS epidemic. Doctoral dissertation. New York: Columbia University School of Public Health.
Henin, Y., Mandelbrot, L., Henrion, R., Pradinaud, R., Coulaud, J. P., & Montagnier, L. (1993). Virus excretion in the cervicovaginal secretions of pregnant and nonpregnant HIV-infected women. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 6, 72–75.
Hernandez-Avila, M. (1992). Acceptability of female condoms among female prostitutes in Mexico City: Preliminary findings. Report to the Wisconsin Pharmaceutical Company.
Hunter, D. J., & Mati, J. K. (1992). Contraception, family planning and HIV. In L. C. Chen, J. S. Amore, & S. J. Segal (Eds.), AIDS and women’s reproductive health: Reproductive biology series. New York: Plenum Press.
Kapiga, S. H., Shao, J. F., Lwihula, G. K. & Hunter, D. J. (1994). Risk factors for HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s) among women attending family planning clinics in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 7, 301–309.
Kreiss, J., Ngugi, E., Holmes, K., Ndinya-Achola, J., Waiyaki, P., Roberts, P. L., Ruminjo, I., Sajabi, R., Kimata, J., Fleming, T. R., Anazala, A., Holton, D., & Plummer, F. (1992). Efficacy of nonoxynol-9 contraceptive sponge use in preventing heterosexual acquisition of HIV in Nairobi prostitutes. Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, 477–482.
Laga, M., Manoka, A. T., Kivuvu, M., Malele, B., Tuliza, M., Nzila, N., Goeman, J., Behets, F., Batter, V., Alary, M., Heyward, W. L., Ryder, R. W., & Piot, P. (1993). Non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases as risk factors for HIV-1 transmission in women: Results from a cohort study. AIDS 7, 95–102.
Lazzarin, A., Saracco, A., Musicco, M., Nicolosi, A., & the Italian Study Group on HIV Heterosexual Transmission (1991). Man-to-woman sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. Archives of Internal Medicine, 151, 2411–2416.
Lee, T. Y., Utidjian, H. M. D., Singh, B., & Carpenter, U. (1972). Potential impact of chemical prophylaxis on the incidence of gonorrhea. British Journal of Venereal Diseases, 48, 376–380.
Lehfeldt, H. (1970). Cervical cap. In M. S. Calderone (Ed.), Manual of family planning and contraceptive practice. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Lehfeldt, H., Sobrero, A. J., & Inglis, W. (1961). Spermicidal effectiveness of chemical contraceptives used with the firm cervical cap. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 82, 446–448.
Leigh, B. C., Temple, M. T., & Trocki, K. F. (1993). The sexual behavior of US adults: Results from a national survey. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 1400–1408.
Liskin, L. (1993). Using female condom for AIDS prevention: Promises and problems (abstract TOP28). December 14, 1993. Eighth International Conference on AIDS in Africa, Marra-kesh, December 12–16, 1993.
Louv, W. C., Austin, H., Alexander, W. J., Stagno, S., & Cheeks, J. (1988). A clinical trial of nonoxynol-9 for preventing gonococcal and chlamydial infections. Journal of Infections Diseases, 158, 518–523.
Marmor, M., Weiss, L. R., Lyden, M., Weiss, S. H., Saxinger, W. C., Spira, T. J., & Feorino, P. M. (1986). Possible female-to-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Annals of Internal Medicine, 105, 969.
McCormack, W. M., Reynolds, G. H., & the Cooperative Study Group. (1982). Effect of menstrual cycle and method of contraception on recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Journal of the American Medical Association, 247, 1292–1294.
Mendez, F., Castro, A., & Ortega, A. (1986). Use-effectiveness of a spermicidal suppository containing benzalkonium chloride. Contraception, 34, 353–363.
Miller, C., Alexander, N. J., Vogel, P., Anderson, J., & Marx, P. A. (1992). Mechanisms of genital transmission of SIV: A hypothesis based on transmission studies and the location of SIV in the genital tract of chronically infected females. Journal of Medical Primatology, 21, 64–68.
Moatti, J. P., Bajos, N., Durbec, J. P., Menard, C., & Serrand C. (1991). Determinants of condom use among French heterosexuals with multiple partners. American Journal of Public Health, 81, 106–109.
Monzon, O. T., & Capellan, J. M. B. (1987). Female-to-female transmission of HIV. Lancet, 2, 40–41.
Moscicki, A. B., Winkler, B., Irwin, C. E., & Schachter, J. (1989). Differences in biologic maturation, sexual behavior, and sexually transmitted disease between adolescents with and without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Journal of Pediatrics, 115, 487–493.
Moss, G. B., Clemetson, D., D’Costa L., Plummer, F. A., Ndinya-Achola, J. O., Reilly, M., Holmes, K. K., Piot, P., Maitha, G. M., Hillier, S. L., Kiviat, N. C., Cameron, C. W., Wamola, I. A., & Kreiss, J. K. (1991). Association of cervical ectopy with heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: Results of a study of couples in Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 164:588–91.
Niruthisard, S., Roddy, R. E., & Chutivongse, S. (1991). The effects of frequent nonoxynol-9 use on the vaginal and cervical mucosa. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 18, 176–179.
Niruthisard, S., Roddy, R. E., & Chutivongse, S. (1992). Use of nonoxynol-9 and reduction in rate of gonococcal and chlamydial cervical infections. Lancet, 339, 1371–1375.
Pearce-Pratt, R., & Phillips, D. M. (1993). Studies of adhesion of lymphocytic cells: Implication for sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. Biology of Reproduction, 48, 431–445.
Persson, E. (1991). Family planning and prevention strategies for sexually transmitted diseases. Advances in Contraception, 7, 181–186.
Peters, R. K., Thomas, C., Hagan, D. G., Mack, T. M., & Henderson, B. E. (1986). Risk factors for invasive cervical cancer among Latinas and non-Latinas in Los Angeles County. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 77, 1063–1077.
Plummer, F. A., Simonsen, J. N., Cameron, D. W., Ndinya-Achola, J. O., Kreiss, J. K., Gakinya, M. N., Waiyaki, P., Cheang, M., Piot, P., Ronald, A. R., & Ngugi, E. N. (1991). Cofactors in male-female sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 163, 233–239.
Population Reports (1979). Spermicides—simplicity and safety are major assets. Series H, No. 5: H78-118. Baltimore: Population Information Program, Johns Hopkins University.
Population Reports (1984). New developments in vaginal contraception. Series H, No. 7 (Jan/ Feb): H157-H190. Baltimore: Population Information Program, Johns Hopkins University.
Redondo-Lopez, V., Cook, R. L., & Sobel, J. D. (1990). Emerging role of laeto bacilli in the control and maintenance of the vaginal bacterial microflora. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 5, 856–872.
Rehle, T., Brinkmann, U. K., Siraprapasiri, T., Coplan, P., Aiemsukawat, C., & Ungchusak, K. (1992). Risk factors of HIV-1 infection among female prostitutes in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. Infection 20, 6, 26/328–29/331.
Reid, E. Gender, knowledge, and responsibility. (1992). In J. Mann, D. J. Tarantola, & T. W. Netter (Eds.). AIDS in the world. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Reid, E. Placing women at the centre of the analysis. (1991). In: Women and AIDS: Strategies for the future. Canadian International Development Agency.
Roddy, R. E., Cordero, M., Cordero, C., & Fortney, J. A. (1993). A dosing study of nonoxynol-9 and genital irritation. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 4, 165–170.
Rosenberg, M. J., Feldblum, P. J., Rojanpithayakorn, W., & Sawasdivorn, W. (1987). The contraceptive sponge’s protection against Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonor-rhoeae. (1987). Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 14, 147–152.
Rosenberg, M. J., & Phillips, R. S. (1992). Does douching promote ascending infection? Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 37, 930–938.
Rosenberg, M. J., & Gollub, E. L. (1992). Commentary: Methods women can use that may prevent sexually transmitted disease, including HIV. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 1473–1478.
Rosenberg, M. J., Holmes, K. K., & the World Health Organization Working Group on Virucides (1993). Virucides in prevention of HIV infection. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 20, 41–44.
Saracco, A., et al. (1993). Man-to-woman sexual transmission of HIV: Longitudinal study of 343 steady partners of infected men. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 6, 497–502.
Sen, G., & Snow, R. C. (1994). Power and decision: The social control of reproduction. In Harvard series on population and international health. Harvard Center for population and Development Studies, (pp. 233–253). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Schachter, J. (1990). Biology of Chlamydia trachomatis. In K. K. Holmes, P. Mardh, P. F. Sparling, P. J. Wiesner, W. Cates, S. M. Lemon, & W. E. Stamm (Eds.), Sexually transmitted diseases, 2nd ed. (pp. 167–180). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Scholes, D., Daling, J. R., Stergachis, A., Weiss, N., Wang, S., & Grayston, T. (1993). Vaginal douching as a risk factor for acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstetrics Gynecology, 81, 601–606.
Sciarra, J. J. (1979). Vaginal contraception: Historical perspective. In G. I. Zatuchni, A. J. Sobrero, J. J. Speidel, & J. J. Sciarra (Eds). Vaginal contraception: New developments. New York: Harper & Row.
Scofield, V. L., Rao, B., Broder, S., et al. (1994). HIV interaction with sperm. AIDS, 12, 1733–1736.
Shervington, D. (1993). Acceptance of the female condom among low income African American women. Journal of the National Medical Association, 85, 341–347.
Shervington, D. (1994). Experiences of African-American women with the use of the Reality female condom. Proceedings, International Conference on AIDS, Yokohama, Japan, August.
Siboulet, A., Bohbot, J. M., Catalan, F., & Siboulet, A. (1988). Prevention locale feminine des MST. Resultats obtenus avec le benzalkonium sous la forme comprimes pharmatex. Contraception-fertilite-sexualité, 16, 403–411.
Simonsen, J. N., Plummer, F. A., Ngugi, E. N., Black, C., Kreiss, J. K., Gakinya, M. N., Waiyaki, P., D’Costa, L. J., Ndinya-Achola, J. O., Piot, P., & Ronald, A. (1990). HIV infection among lower socioeconomic stratum prostitutes in Nairobi. AIDS, 4, 139–144.
Singer, A. (1975). The uterine cervix from adolescence to the menopause. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 82, 81–99.
Slattery, M. L., Overall, J. C., Abbott, T. M., French, T. K., Robison, L. M., & Gardner, J. (1989). Sexual activity, contraception, genital infections and cervical cancer: Support for a sexually-transmitted disease hypothesis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 130, 248–258.
Smith, C., Farr, M. G., Feldblum, P. J., & Spence, A. (1995). Effectiveness of the non-spermicidal fit—free diaphragm Contraception (in press).
Soper, D. E., Shoupe, D., Shangold, G. A., Shangold, M. M., Gutmann, J., & Mercer, L. (1993). Prevention of vaginal trichomoniasis by compliant users of the female condom. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 20, 137–139.
Sorin, M. D. (1995). The women’s methods of sexual HIV self-protection hierarchy in family planning (abstract). HIV Infection in Women Conference, Washington, DC., February 22-24.
Spira, A., Bajos, N., & the ACSF (Analyse des Comportements Sexuels en France) Investigators. (1992). AIDS and sexual behavior in France. Nature, 360, 407–409.
Stamm, W. E., & Holmes, K. K. (1990). Chlamydia trachomatis infections of the adult. In K. K. Holmes, P. Mardh, P. F. Sparling, P. J. Wiesner, W. Cates, S. M. Lemon, & W. E. Stamm (Eds.). Sexually transmitted diseases, 2nd ed. (pp. 181–193). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Stein, Z. A. (1990). HIV prevention: The need for methods women can use. American Journal of Public Health, 80, 460–462.
Stein, Z. A. (1992). The double bind in science policy and the protection of women from HIV infection. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 1471–1472.
Stein, Z. A. (1993). HIV prevention: An update on the status of methods women can use. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 1379–1382.
Stim, E. M. (1980). The nonspermicide fit-free diaphragm: A new contraceptive method. Advances in Planned Parenthood, 88-98.
Stone, K. M., Grimes, D. A., & Magdar, L. S. (1986). Personal protection against sexually transmitted diseases. American Journal of Obstetries and Gynecology, 155, 180–188.
Stone, K. M. (1990). Avoiding sexually transmitted diseases. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 17, 789–799.
Stone, K. M., & Peterson, H. B. (1992). Spermicides, HIV and the vaginal sponge. Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, 521–523.
Strebel, A. (1993). Good intentions, contradictory outcomes? AIDS prevention and care for South African women. Community Health Association of South Africa Journal, 4, 22–25.
Trussell, J., Hatcher, R. A., Cates, W., Stewart F. H., & Kost, K. (1990). Contraceptive failure in the United States: An update. Studies in Family Planning, 21, 51–54.
Trussell, J. (1992). Testimony before the OBGYN Devices Committee of the Office of Device Evaluation, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, on the Reality female condom. Washington, DC., December 10.
Trussell, J., Sturgen, K., Strickler, J., & Dominik, R. (1994). Comparative contraceptive efficacy of the female condom and other barrier methods. Family Planning Perspectives, 26, 66–72.
United Nations Development Program: HIV and Development Programme (1992). Young women: Silence, susceptibility, and the HIV epidemic.
USDHHS. (1980). Vaginal contraceptive drug products for over-the-counter human use; establishment of a monograph; proposed rule-making. Federal Register, 45 (421), Friday, Dec. 12.
Vernon, R., & Ojeda, G. (1990). Incorporating AIDS prevention activities into a family planning organization in Columbia. Studies in Family Planning, 21, 335–343.
Voelker, R. (1995). Scientists zero in on new HIV microbicides. Journal of the American Medical Association 13, 979–980.
Voeller, B. (1991). AIDS and heterosexual anal intercourse. Archives of Sexual behavior, 20, 233–276.
Voeller, B. (1985). Spermicides: An additional potential barrier to the sexual spread of the AIDS virus, LAV-HTLV-III. In Mariposa Occasional Paper #4B (pp. 1–8). New York: Mariposa Education and Research Foundation.
Wasserheit, J. N. (1992). Epidemiological synergy: Interrelationships between human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 19, 61–77.
Watters, J. K., Estilo, J. J. Clark, G. L., & Lorvick, J. (1994). Syringe exchange and needle exchange as HIV/AIDS prevention for injection drug users. Journal of the American Medical Association, 271, 115–120.
Wawer, M. J., Serwadda, D., Musgrave, S. D., Konde-Lule, J. K., Musagara, M., & Sewankambo, N. K. (1991). Dynamics of the spread of HIV-1 infection in a rural district of Uganda. British Medical Journal, 303, 1303–1306.
Weir, S. S., Feldblum, P. J., Roddy, R. E., & Zekeng, L. (1994). Gonorrhea as a risk factor for HIV acquisition. AIDS, 8, 1605–1608.
Weir, S. S., Feldblum, P. J., Zekeng, L., & Roddy, R. E. (1994). The use of nonoxynol-9 for protection against cervical gonorrhea American Journal of Public Health, 84, 910–914.
Weir, S. S., Roddy, R. E., Zekeng, L., & Feldblum, F. (1995). Nonoxynol-9 use, genital ulcers and HIV infection in a cohort of sex workers. Genitourinary Medicine (in press).
Weisman, C. S., Plichta, S., Nathanson, C. A., Ensninger, M., & Robinson, J. C. Consistency of condom use for disease prevention among adolescent users of oral contraceptives. Family Planning Perspectives, 23, 71–74.
Weller, S. C. (1993). A meta-analysis of condom effectiveness in reducing sexually transmitted HIV. Social Science in Medicine, 36, 1635–1644.
Whaley, K. J., Barratt, R. A., Zeitlin, L., Hoen, T. E., & Cone, R. A. (1993). Nonoxynol-9 protects mice against vaginal transmission of genital herpes infections. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 168, 1009–1011.
Zekeng, L., Feldblum, P. J., Oliver, R., & Kaptue, L. (1993). Barrier contraceptive use and HIV infection among high-risk women in Cameroon. AIDS, 7, 725–731.
Zewdie, D. (1994). Men, women and AIDS. Plenary session, Eighth Conference on AIDS in Africa. Marrakesh, December 12-16, 1993.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gollub, E.L. (1995). Women-Centered Prevention Techniques and Technologies. In: O’Leary, A., Jemmott, L.S. (eds) Women at Risk. AIDS Prevention and Mental Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1057-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1057-8_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1059-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1057-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive