Abstract

The floor of the Indian Ocean comprises a complex array of deep basins, separated by aseismic swells or ridges, in addition to the seismic Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge. While the “Ninetyeast Ridge” is wholly submarine as is the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge, with the exception of Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands, the higher summits of many of these ridges emerge as islands. In addition there are numerous isolated eminences unconnected with discernible ridge structures, rising from the deep ocean floor. Some of these also broach sea level and form islands (Fig. 1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

eBook
USD 9.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andrews, C. W., 1900, A monograph of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Physical features and geology. Brit. Museum (Nat. Hist.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon., 1958, South Indian Ocean. Pilot., Seventh ed, Hydrographic Dept., London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, B. H., 1963, Geology and mineral resources of the Seychelles archipelago. Geological Survey of Kenya, Mem. No 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, B. H., and Miller, J. A., 1963, Geology and geochronology of the Seychelles Islands and structure of the floor of the Arabian Sea. Nature, 199, p. 346–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battistini, R., 1967, Le volcan actif de la Grande Comore, Madagascar Révue de Géographie, No. 10 /11, p. 41–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, A. N., 1975, Petrology of the Older Series lavas from Mauritius, Indian Ocean. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull, 86, p. 1449–1458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, A. N., 1976, Geochemistry and petrogenesis of primitive alkali basalt from Mauritius, Indian Ocean, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull, 87, p. 1028–1034.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, A. N., 1978, Ultramafic and mafic nodule suites in shield-forming lavas from Mauritius, Indian Ocean-disrupted layered cumulates, Jl. Geol. Soc. Lond, 135, p. 565–581.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellair, P., 1964, Recent data on the geology of Iles Crozet in: Antarctic Geology, R. J. Adie, ed., Proc. 1st Int. Symp. on Antarctic Geology, Cape Town, 1963, p. 3–7. North Holland Publ. Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billard, G., 1975, Carte géologique de la France, La Réunion (Scale 1:50,000), and “Notice Explicative,” p. 1–40, B.R.G.M., Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, K., Kidd, W.S.F., and Wilson, J.T., 1973, Relative and latitudinal motion of Atlantic Hot Spots, Nature, 245, p. 133–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bussière, P., 1959, Etude géologique de l’île de la Réunion, Service Geologique, Tananarive.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byerly, G. R. and Wright, T. L., 1978, Origin of major element chemical trends in DSDP Leg 37 basalts, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Jl. Volc. Geotherm. Res, 3, p. 229–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chazal, de M., and Baissac, J. de B., 1949, Étude sur la géologie de file Maurice, Roy. Soc. Arts and Sci. Mauritius Proc, 1, p. 53–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheminée, J. L. and Krafft, M., 1981, in: Smithsonian Institution, SEAN Bulletin 6, No. 5, p. 10–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chevallier, L. and Vatin-Perignon, N., 1979a, Structural evolution of the volcano Piton des Neiges of Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. (abstract), Hawaiian Symposium of Intraplate Volcanism and Submarine Volcanism, Hilo, Hawaii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chevallier, L. and Vatin-Perignon, N., 1979b, Magmatic intrusions during the distensive phases of volcanic Piton des Neiges, Réunion Island and their relations with the Caldera formations (abstract), 17th General Assembly I. U.G.G., Canberra, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietz, R. S. and Holden, J. C., 1971, Pre-Mesozoic oceanic crust in the eastern Indian Ocean, Nature, 229, p. 309–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dosso, L., Vidal, P., Cantagrel, J. M., Lameyre, J., Marot, A., and Zimine, S., 1979, Kerguelen: continental fragment or oceanic island? Petrology and isotopic geochemistry evidence, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 43, p. 46–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drygalski, E. (von), 1908, Geographie von Heard Insel, Deutsche Siid-polar expedition 1901–1903, 11, Reimer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drygalski, E. (von), 1909, Deutsche Siid-polar expedition 1901–1903. Geographie der Insel St Paul, Reimer, Berlin, p. 353–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ducrot, M., 1960, Le volcan actif de file de la Réunion, Surveillance et étude de l’activité, Possibilités d’utilisation de l’énergie émise, Bull. Volc, 23, p. 109–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffield, W., Stieltjes, L. and Varet, J., 1979a, Geologic and geothermal studies of La Réunion: Comparison with some features of Hawaiian Volcanoes (abstract), Hawaii Symposium on Intraplate Volcanism and Submarine Volcanism, Hilo, Hawaii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffield, W., Gerard, A., Stieltjes, L. and Varet, J., 19796, Geothermal studies of La Réunion Island (Indian Ocean) (abstract), 17th General Assembly I.U.G.G., Canberra, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, G. C., Fisher, R. L., and Engel, A. E. J., 1965, Igneous Rocks of the Indian Ocean Floor. Science, 150, p. 605–610.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, C. G., and Fisher, R. L., 1975, Granitic to ultramafic rock complexes of the Indian Ocean ridge system, western Indian Ocean. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull, 86, p. 1553–1578.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esson, J., Flower, M. F. J., Strong, D. F., Upton, B. G. J., and Wadsworth, W. J., 1970, Geology of the Comores Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean, Geol. Mag, 107, p. 549–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. L., Engel, C. G., and Hilde, T. W. C., 1968, Basalts dredged from the Amirante Ridge, Western Indian Ocean, Deep-Sea Res, 15, p. 521–534.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. L., Sclater, J. G., and McKenzie, D., 1971, Evolution of the Central Indian Ridge, Western Indian Ocean. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull, 82, p. 553–562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flower, M. F. J., 1972, Petrology of volcanic rocks from Anjouan, Comores Archipelago, Bull. Volc, 36, p. 238–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flower, M. F. J., 1973, Evolution of basaltic and differentiated lavas from Anjouan, Comores Archipelago, Contr. Mineral. Petrol, 38, p. 237–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, J. J., and Kent, L. E., 1964, On rocks from the Seychelles Islands. 22nd Int. Geol. Congr, Pt. 10, p. 161–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey, F. A. and Chien Min Sung, 1974, Geochemical results for basalts from sites 253 and 254, Initial Reports, D.S.D.P 26, p. 567–572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gass, I. G., Mallick, D. I. J., and Cox, K. G., 1973, Volcanic islands of the Red Sea, Jl. Geol. Soc. Lond, 129, p. 275–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giret, A., 1979, Genèse de roches feldspathoidiques par la déstabilisation des amphiboles: massif des Montagnes Vertes, Kerguelen (T.A.A.F.). C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 289, p. 379–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giret, A., 1980. Notice de la carte géologique au 1:50 000 de la Peninsule Rallier du Baty, Iles Kerguelen, C.N.F.R.A. Report No. 45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girod, M., Camus, G., and Vialette, Y., 1971, Sur la présence de tholeiites a file Saint-Paul (Ocean Indien), Contr. Mineral. Petrol, 33, p. 108–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girod, M., and Nougier, J., 1972, Volcanism of the sub-Antarctic Islands, in: Antarctic Geology and Geophysics, R. J. Adie, ed., Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, p. 777–788.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guilcher, A., 1965, Coral reefs and lagoons of Mayotte Island, Comoro Archipelago, Indian Ocean, and of New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean, in: Submarine Geology and Geophysics, W. F. Whittard and R. Bradshaw, eds., Butterworth Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, B. M., Coy-Yll, R., Watkins, N. D., Abranson, C. E., and Nougier, J., 1970, Geochemistry of an oceanite-ankaramite-basalt suite from East Island, Crozet Archipelago, Contr. Mineral. Petrol 28, p. 319–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, B. M., Watkins, N. D., Trzcienski, W. E., and Nougier, J., 1972, The Amsterdam—St Paul volcanic province and the formation of low-Al tholeiitic andesites, Lithos, 8, p. 137–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, B. M., Abranson, E. C., Watkins, N. D., and Nougier, J., 1972a, Petrology and geochemistry of Iles Crozet: a summary, in: Antarctic Geology and Geophysics, R. J. Adie, ed., Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, p. 825–829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hajash, A., and Armstrong, R. L., 1972, Palaeomagnetic and radiometric evidence for the age of the Comores Islands, West Central Indian Ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 16, p. 231–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedge, C. E., Watkins, N. D., Hildreth, R. A., and Doering, W. P., 1973, 87Sr/86Sr ratios in basalts from islands in the Indian Ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 21, p. 29–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heezen, B. C., and Tharpe, M., 1966, Physiography of the Indian Ocean, Trans. R. Soc. Lond, A259, p. 137–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hekinian, R., 1974, Petrology of igneous rocks from Leg 22 in the northeastern Indian Ocean, Initial Reports, D.S.D.P 22, p. 413–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochstetter, F., (von) 1866, Geologische Betrachtungen Wahrend der Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte “Novarra” um die Erde, 2, 58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kable, E. J. D., Erlank, A. J., and Cherry, R. D., 1971, Geochemical features of lavas, in: Marion and Prince Edward Islands, Report of the South African Biological and Geological Expedition 1965–1966, E. M. Van Zinderen Bakker, Sr., J. M. Winterbottom and R. A. Dyer, eds., A. A. Bulkema, Cape Town, p. 78–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieffer, G., Tricot, B., and Vincent, P. M., 1977, Une éruption inhabituelle (avril 1977) du Piton de la Fournaise (Ile de la Réunion): ses enseignements volcanologiques et structuraux, C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 285, Ser. D., p. 957–960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieffer, G. and Vincent, P. M., 1978, L’éruption d’Octobre-Novembre 1977 du Piton de la Fournaise (Ile de la Reunion): une éruption terminale sans crater terminal? C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 286, Ser. D., p. 1767–1770.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krafft, M., 1979a, in: Smithsonian Institution, SEAN Bulletin, 4 No. 5, p. 6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krafft, M., 1979b, in: Smithsonian Institution, SEAN Bulletin, 4 No. 7, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacroix, A., 1922, La constitution lithologique de l’archipel des Comores, Int. Geol. Congr. Rep, 13th Sess. Belgium, 1922, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacroix, A., 1936, Le volcan actif de file de la Réunion et ses produits, Gauthier-Villars, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacroix, A., 1938, Le volcan actif de file de la Réunion (supplément) et celui de la Grande-Comore, Gauthier-Villars, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambeth, A. J., 1952, A geological account of Heard Island, Jour. Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., 86, p. 14–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lameyre, J., and Nougier, J., 1977, Geology of Ile de l’Est, Crozet Archipelago (TAAF), SCAR/IUGS Symposium of Madison, Aug. 1977, p. 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lameyre, J., Marot, A., Zimine, S., Cantagrel, J. M., Dosso, L., and Vidal, P., 1976, Chronological evolution of the Kerguelen Islands syenite-granite ring complex, Nature, 263, p. 306–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laux, S. J, 1976, The evolution of the early volcanic rocks of Reunion, Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laux, S. J., and Nativel, P., 1975, Low-grade metamorphism in early volcanic rocks of Reunion, Pétrologie, 1, p. 279–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lort, J. M., Limond, W. Q., Segoufin, J. and Patriat; P., 1979, New seismic data in the Mozambique Channel, Marine Geophysical Researches. 4, p. 71–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludbrook, N. H., 1965, Tertiary fossils from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). J1. Geol. Soc. Aust, 12, p. 285–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludden, J. N., 1977a, Eruptive patterns for the volcano Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion Island, J1. Volc. Geotherm. Res, 2, p. 385–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludden, J. N., 1977b, The Mineral Chemistry and Origin of Xenoliths from the Lavas of Anjouan, Comores Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol, 64, p. 91–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludden, J. N., 1978a, Fractionation trends defined by residual glasses in the lavas and xenoliths of Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion Island, Canad. Miner, 16, p. 265–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludden, J. N., 1978b, Magmatic evolution of the basaltic shield volcanoes of Reunion Island, Jl. Volc. Geotherm. Res, 4, p. 171–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludden, J. N., Thompson, G., Bryan, W. B. and Frey, F. A., 1978, The origin of lavas from the 90°E Ridge, Eastern Indian Ocean: An evaluation of fractional crystallisation models, J. Geophys. Res.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luyendyk, B. P., and Rennick, W., 1977, Tectonic history of aseismic ridges in the eastern Indian Ocean, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull, 88, p. 1347–1356.

    Google Scholar 

  • McBirney, A. R., and Gass, I. G., 1967, Relations of oceanic volcanic rocks to mid-ocean rises and heat flow, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 2, p. 265–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald, G. A., 1968, Composition and origin of Hawaiian lavas. in: Studies in Volcanology

    Google Scholar 

  • Coats, Hay, and Anderson, eds., Mem. Geol. Soc. Amer, 116, p. 477–522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald, G. A., and Katsura, T., 1964, Chemical composition of Hawaiian lavas. J. Petrol, 5, p. 82–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDougall, I., 1971a, The geochronology and evolution of the young volcanic island of Reunion, Indian Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 35, p. 261–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDougall, I., 19716, Geochronology, in: Marion and Prince Edward Islands. Report on the South African Biological and Geological Expedition, 1965–1966, (E. M. Van Zinderen Bakker, J. M. Winterbottom and R. A. Dyer, eds., Cape Town, p. 72–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDougall, I., and Compston, W., 1965, Strontium isotope composition and potassium-rubidium ratios in some rocks from Reunion and Rodriguez, Indian Ocean, Nature, 207, p. 252–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDougall, I., and Chamalaun, F. H., 1969, Isotopic dating and geomagnetic polarity studies on volcanic rocks from Mauritius. Geol. soc. Amer. Bull, 80, p. 1419–1442.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDougall, I., Upton, B. G. J., and Wadsworth, W. J., 1965, A geological reconnaissance of Rodriguez Island, Indian Ocean, Nature, 206, p. 26–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, D., and Sclater, J. G., 1971, The evolution of the Indian Ocean since the late Cretaceous. Geophys. J.R. Astr. Soc, 25, p. 437–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marot, A., and Zimine, S., 1976, Les complexes annulaires de syenite et granites alcalins dans la peninsule Rallier du Baty, Iles Kerguelen ( TAAF), thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, D. H., and Davies, F., 1966, Geophysical studies of the Seychelles Bank, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond, A259, p. 227–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montaggioni, L., Nativel, P., and Billard, G., 1972, L’activite actuelle du Piton de la Fournaise (î1e de la Réunion, Ocean Indien) C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 275: ser. D., p. 2615–2618.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, W. J., 1978, Rodriguez, Darwin, Amsterdam,…, a second type of hot spot island. J. Geophys. Res, 83, p. 5355–5360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nativel, P., 1976, Trachytes quartziferes et comendites à la Réunion. Aspects pétrologiques, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 7th Ser. 18, p. 1357–1364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nativel, P., 1978, Volcans de la Réunion, Thesis, Université de Paris-Sud (Orsay).

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumann van Padang, M., 1963, Catalogue of the active volcanoes of the world including solfatara fields, Pt. 16, Arabia and the Indian Ocean.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norry, M. J., 1977, Geochemical studies of volcanics from the Karroo, Mauritius and the Aden Volcano, Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nougier, J., 1972, Volcanic associations in Iles Kerguelen, in: Antarctic Geology and Geophysics, R. J. Adie, ed., Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, p. 809–815.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nougier, J., 1972, Geochronology of the volcanic activity in Iles Kerguelen. in: Antarctic Geology and Geophysics, R. J. Adie, ed., Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, p. 803–808.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nougier, J., 1977, Volcanism of Saint-Paul and Amsterdam Islands (TAAF): some aspects of the volcanism located along plate margins, SCAR/LUGS Symposium, Madison, Aug. 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nougier, J., Vatin-Perignon, N., Cantagrel, J. M. and Cheminée, J. L., 1979, Volcanisme et structure de file Mayotte (archipel des Comores), C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 288 (Ser. D), no. 2, p. 211–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuttall, W. L. F., 1926, A revision of the orbitoides of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), Q. Jl. Geol. Soc. Lond, 82, p. 22–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oversby, V. M., 1972, Genetic relations among the volcanic rocks of Reunion: chemical and lead isotopic evidence, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 36, p. 1167–1179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patriat, P. and Schlich, R., 1979, Dorsale fossile dans le Bassin des Mascareignes, 7th Réun. Ann. Sci. de la Terre, Lyon, p. 355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pepper, J. F., and Everhart, G. M., 1963, The Indian Ocean, The geology of its bordering lands and the configuration of its floor, U.S. Geol. Surv. Miscell., Geol. Investigations, Map 1380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillipi, E., 1909, Geologie der Inseln St. Paul und Amsterdam, Indischer Ozean, Deutsche Siid-polar Expedition 2, p. 378–383.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinisch, R., 1909, Gesteine von St. Paul und Neu Amsterdam; Deutsche Siid-polar Expedition 2: (Geographie und Geologie), p. 385–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivals, P., 1950, Histoire géologique de l’Ile de la Réunion, Thesis, Université de Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, P. T. and Whitford, D. J., 1974, Basalts from the eastern Indian Ocean. Initial Reports, D.S.D.P, 27, p. 551–559.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rue, A., de la, 1931, Observations sur la géologie de file Saint Paul (Ocean Indien), C.R. Soc. Geol d. France, p. 206–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rue, A., de la, 1953, Les Terres Australes “Que sais-je,” Presses Universitaire Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saint Ours, J. de, 1960, Etudes géologiques dans]’extreme Nord de Madagascar et l’archipel des Comores, Service Géologique Tananarive.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalk, H. J. W. G., and van Zinderen Bakker, E. M., 1971, History of the vegetation, in: Marion and Prince Edward Islands, Report of the South African Biological and Geological Expedition, 1965–1966, E. M. Van Zinderen Bakker, J. M. Winterbottom and R. A. Dyer, eds., Cape Town, p. 89–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilling, J. G., 1973, Iceland mantle plume, Nature, 246, p. 141–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlich, R., 1974, Sea-floor spreading history and deep-sea drilling results in the Madagascar and Mascarene Basins, Western Indian Ocean, in: Initial Reports of the Deep-Sea Drilling Project, E. S. W. Simpson, R. Schlich et al, eds., 25, Washington, p. 663–678.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shor, G. G., and Pollard, D. D., 1963, Seismic investigations of Seychelles and Saya de Malha Banks, North-West Indian Ocean, Science, 142, p. 48–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, E. S. W., 1951, The geology and mineral resources of Mauritius, Colonial Geol. and Min. Resources, 1, p. 217–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W. C., 1926, The volcanic rocks of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Q. Jl. Geol. Soc. Lond, 82, p. 44–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stearns, H. T., 1966, Geology of the State of Hawaii, Pacific Books, Palo Alto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, P. J., 1972, Geochemistry of some Heard Island igneous rocks, in: Antarctic Geology and Geophysics, R. J. Adie, ed., Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, p. 793–801.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoddart, D. R., Taylor, J. D., Fosberg, F. R., and Farrow, G. E., 1971, Geomorphology of Aldabra Atoll, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond, B260, p. 31–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong, D. F., 1972a, The petrology of the lavas of Grande Comore. J. Petrol, 13, p. 181–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong, D. F., 1972b, Petrology of the Island of Moheli, Western Indian Ocean, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull, 83, p. 389–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong, D. F., 1974, Volcanic couples and deep mantle plumes, Nature, 247, p. 191–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong, D. F., and Flower, M. F. J., 1969, The significance of sandstone inclusions in lavas of the Comore Archipelago. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 7, p. 47–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong, D. F., and Jacquot, C., 1970, The Karthala caldera, Grande Comore, Bull. Volc, 34, p. 663–680.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talbot, J. L., Hobbs, B. E., Wilshire, H. G., and Sweatman, T. R., 1963, Xenoliths and xenocrysts from lavas of the Kerguelen archipelago, Amer. Miner, 48, p. 159–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trueman, N. A., 1965, The phosphate, volcanic and carbonate rocks of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), J1. Geol. Soc. Aust, 12, p. 261–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyrrell, G. W., 1937a, The petrology of Possession Island. BANZARE Reports 2: Pt. 4, p. 57–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyrrell, G. W., 1937b, The petrology of Heard Island, BANZARE Reports 2: Pt. 3, p. 27–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upton, B. G. J., and Wadsworth, W. J., 1965, Geology of Reunion Island, Indian Ocean, Nature, 207, p. 151–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upton, B. G. J., and Wadsworth, W. J., 1969, Early volcanic rocks of Reunion and their tectonic significance, Bull. Volc, 33, p. 1246–1268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upton, B. G. J., and Wadsworth, W. J., 1971, Rhyodacite glass in Reunion basalt, Miner. Mag, 38, p. 152–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upton, B. G. J., and Wadsworth, W. J., 1972a, Aspects of magmatic evolution on Reunion Island, Phil. Trans. R. Soc, Lond, A271, p. 105–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upton, B. G. J., and Wadsworth, W. J., 1972b, Peridotitic and gabbroic rocks associated with the shield forming lavas of Reunion, Contr. Mineral. Petrol, 35, p. 139–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upton, B. G. J., Wadsworth, W. J., and Latrille, E., 1974, The 1972 eruption of Kartala volcano, Grande Comore, Bull. Volc, 38, p. 136–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upton, B. G. J., Wadsworth, W. J., and Newman, T. C., 1967, The petrology of Rodriguez Island, Indian Ocean, Geol. soc. Amer. Bull, 78, p. 1495–1506.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velain, Ch., 1978, Description géologique de la presqu’ile d’ Aden, de L’ile de la Réunion, des Iles St. Paul et Amsterdam, Hennuyer, ed., Paris, p. 332–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verwoerd, W. J., 1971, Geology, in: Marion and Prince Edward Islands, Report on the South African Biological and Geological Expedition, 1965–1966, E. M. Van Zinderen Bakker, J. M. Winterbottom and R. A. Dyer, eds., Cape Town, p. 40–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verwoerd, W. J., and Langenegger, O., 1967, Marion and Prince Edward Islands, Nature, 213, p. 230–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verwoerd, W. J., Russell, S. and Berruti, A., 1981, 1980 Volcanic eruption reported on Marion Island. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 54, p. 153–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vidal, P., Dosso, L., Bowden, P., and Lameyre, J., 1977, Strontium isotope geochemistry in syenite–alkaline granite complexes, 2nd Symposium on the Origin and Distribution of the Elements, Paris, UNESCO, May 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vincent, P. and Billard, G. 1973, Découverte de nouvelles formations volcaniques sous-marins a file de la Réunion ( Ocean Indien ), Conséquence structurales Réunion Annuelle des Sc. de la Terre, p. 414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, A. P., Udintsev, G. B., Dimitriev, L. V., Kanaev, V. T., Neprochnov, Y. P., Petrova, G. N., and Rikunov, L. N., 1969, The structure of the Mid-Ocean rift system of the Indian Ocean and its place in the world rift system, Tectonophysics, 8, p. 377–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, F., and Nicolaysen, L. O., 1954, The petrology of Mauritius, Colonial Geology and Mineral Resources, 4, p. 3–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserburg, G. W., Craig, H., Menard, H. W., Engel, A. E. J., and Engel, C. G., 1963, Age and composition of a Bounty Islands granite and the age of a Seychelles Island granite, J. Geol 71, p. 785–789.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, N. D., Gunn, B. M., Nougier, J., and Baksi, A. K., 1974, Kerguelen: Continental fragment or oceanic island? Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull, 85, p. 201–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, N. D., McDougall, I., and Nougier, J., 1975, Paleomagnetism and potassium–argon age of St. Paul Island, southeastern Indian Ocean: contrasts in geomagnetic secular variation during the Brunhes epoch, Earth Sci. Planet. Lett, 24, p. 337–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, N. D., and Nougier, J., 1973, Excursions and secular variation of the Brunhes epoch geomagnetic field in the Indian Ocean region, J. Geophys. Res, 78, p. 6060–6068.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitford, D. J. and Duncan, R. A., 1978, Origin of the Ninetyeast Ridge—Sr isotopic and trace-element evidence Short Papers of the Fourth International Conference, Geochronology, Cosmochronology, Isotope Geology, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Report, 78–701, p. 451–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiseman, J. D. H., 1936, The petrography and significance of a rock dredged from a depth of 744 fathom’s, near to Providence Reef, Indian Ocean Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., (2) 19, p. 437–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Zielinski, R. A., 1975, Trace element evaluation of a suite of rocks from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 39, p. 713–734.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Upton, B.G.J. (1982). Oceanic Islands. In: Nairn, A.E.M., Stehli, F.G. (eds) The Ocean Basins and Margins. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8038-6_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8038-6_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8040-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8038-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation