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Protein Synthesis

  • Chapter
Metabolic Turnover in the Nervous System

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Abstract

The basic mechanisms of protein synthesis are presumed to be identical in all cells. However, as detailed information accumulates on the comparative aspects of this process in the highly differentiated and diverse cells which comprise complex organisms, striking points of difference emerge. These differences appear to be derived principally from highly selective adaptations of the cell and its various protein-synthesizing systems to specific, but often changing, environments. The cellular and subcellular elements of the nervous system exhibit a remarkable degree of structural and functional specialization which may not be duplicated in other living systems. The mature neuron is generally isolated from the systemic environment by various barrier mechanisms and is intimately dependent for its sustenance upon neighboring nonneural elements. Moreover, neurons assume a variety of unique forms related to their specific functions. In some cases, the neuronal cell body is located at a great distance from its axonal extensions. These conditions place unusual demands and limitations upon the metabolic activities of both neurons and glia. In addition, the special requirements for information processing and storage undoubtedly contribute to the development of unique characteristics in the protein-synthesizing systems of these cells. The discussion which follows will summarize available information on the properties of protein-synthesizing systems in nervous tissues and will attempt to relate the findings to the special functions of these tissues.

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  1. Department of Biological Chemistry School of Medicine and the Brain Research Institute, University of California Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Sidney Roberts

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Roberts, S. (1971). Protein Synthesis. In: Metabolic Turnover in the Nervous System. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7166-7_1

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