Abstract
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules generated during cellular metabolism. However, their overproduction results in oxidative stress, a deleterious process that can damage cell structures, including lipids and membranes, proteins and DNA. Antioxidants respond to this problem, scavenging free radicals. This chapter critically reviews the electrochemical biosensors developed for the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of specific compounds. Due to the ability of these devices to perform simple, fast and reliable analysis, they are promising biotools for the assessment of antioxidant properties.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Prior RL, Wu X, Schaich K. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:4290–4302.
Roginsky V, Lissi EA. Review of methods to determine chain-breaking antioxidant activity in food. Food Chem 2005; 92:235–254.
Mello LD, Kubota LT. Review of the use of biosensors as analytical tools in the food and drink industries. Food Chem 2002; 77:237–256.
Fridovich I. The biology of oxygen radicals. Science 1978; 201:875–880.
Hyland K, Auclair C. The formation of superoxide radical anions by a reaction between O2, OH− and dimethyl sulfoxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 102:531–537.
Lvovich V, Scheeline A. Amperometric sensors for simultaneous Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide detection. Anal Chem 1997; 69:454–462.
Ge B, Lisdat F. Superoxide sensor based on cytochrome c immobilized on mixed-thiol SAM with a new calibration method. Anal Chim Acta 2002; 454:53–64.
Tammeveski K, Tenno TT, Mashirin AA et al. Superoxide electrode based on covalently immobilized cytochrome c: modelling studies. Free Radical Biol Med 1998; 25:973–978.
Krylov AV, Pfeil W, Lisdat F. Denaturation and renaturation of cytochrome c immobilized on gold electrodes in DMSO-containing buffers. J Electroanal Chem 2004; 569:225–231.
Manning P, McNeil CJ, Cooper JM et al. Direct, real-time sensing of free radical production by activated human glioblastoma cells. Free Radical Biol Med 1998; 24:1304–1309.
Lisdat F, Ge B, Ehrentreich-Forster E et al. Superoxide dismutase activity measurement using cytochrome c-modified electrode. Anal Chem 1999; 71:1359–1365.
Lisdat F, Ge B, Reszka R et al. An electrochemical method for quantification of the radical scavenging activity of SOD. Fresenius J Anal Chem 1999; 365:494–498.
Ignatov S, Shishniashvili D, Ge B et al. Amperometric biosensor based on a functionalized gold electrode for the detection of antioxidants. Biosens Bioelectron 2002; 17:191–199.
Gobi KV, Mizutani F. Efficient mediatorless superoxide sensors using cytochrome c-modified electrodes: surface nano-organization for selectivity and controlled peroxidase activity. J Electroanal Chem 2000; 484:172–181.
Gobi KV, Mizutani F. Amperometric detection of superoxide dismutase at cytochrome c-immobilized electrodes: xanthine oxidase and ascorbate oxidase incorporated biopolymer membrane for in-vivo analysis. Anal Sci 2001; 17:11–15.
Beissenhirtz M, Scheller F, Lisdat F. Immobilized cytochrome c sensor in organic/aqueous media for the characterization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic antioxidants. Electroanalysis 2003; 15:1425–1435.
Shipovskov S, Ferapontova EE, Gazaryan I et al. Recombinant horseradish peroxidase—and cytochrome c-based two-electrode system for detection of superoxide radicals. Bioelectrochem 2004; 63:277–280.
Krylov AV, Beissenhirtz M, Adamzig H et al. Thick-film electrodes for measurement of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide based on direct protein-electrode contacts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 378:1327–1330.
Krylov AV, Adamzig H, Walter AD et al. Parallel generation and detection of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in a fluidic chip. Sens Actuators B 2006; 119:118–126.
Krylov AV, Sczech R, Lisdat F. Characterization of antioxidants using a fluidic chip in aqueous/organic media. The Analyst 2007; 132:135–141.
Beissenhirtz MK, Scheller FW, Lisdat F. A superoxide sensor based on a multilayer cytochrome c electrode. Anal Chem 2004; 76:4665–4671.
Guo Z, Chen J, Liu H et al. Electrochemical determination of superoxide based on cytochrome c immobilized on DDAB-modified powder microelectrode. Anal Lett 2005; 38:2033–2043.
Dronov R, Kurth DG, Möhwald H et al. A self-assembled cytochrome c/xanthine oxidase multilayer arrangement on gold. Electrochim Acta 2007; 53:1107–1113.
Scheller W, ** W, Ehrentreich-Förster E et al. Cytochrome c based superoxide sensor for in vivo application. Electroanalysis 1999; 11:703–706.
Büttemeyer R, Philipp AW, Mall JW et al. In vivo measurement of oxygen-derived free radicals during reperfusion injury. Microsurg 2002; 22:108–113.
Büttemeyer R, Philipp AW, Schlenzka L et al. Epigallocatechin gallate can significantly decrease free oxygen radicals in the reperfusion injury in vivo. Transplant P 2003; 35:3116–3120.
Beissenhirtz MK, Kwan RCH, Ko KM et al. Comparing an in vitro electrochemical measurement of superoxide scavenging activity with an in vivo assessment of antioxidant potential in Chinese tonifying herbs. Phytother Res 2004; 18:149–153.
Song MI, Bier FF, Scheller FW. A method to detect superoxide radicals using Teflon membrane and superoxide dismutase. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 1995; 38:419–422.
Campanella L, Bonanni A, Finotti E et al. Biosensors for determination of total and natural antioxidant capacity of red and white wines: comparison with other spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:641–651.
Campanella L, Favero G, Persi L et al. Evaluation of radical scavenging properties of several plants, fresh or from a herbalist’s, using a superoxide dismutase biosensor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 24:1055–1064.
Campanella L, Bonanni A, Tomassetti M. Determination of the antioxidant capacity of samples of different types of tea, or of beverages based on tea or other herbal products, using a superoxide dismutase biosensor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:725–736.
Campanella L, Bonanni A, Favero G et al. Determination of antioxidant properties of aromatic herbs, olives and fresh fruit using an enzymatic sensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 375:1011–1016.
Bonanni A, Campanella L, Gatta T et al. Evaluation of the antioxidant and prooxidant properties of several commercial dry spices by different analytical methods. Food Chem 2007; 102:751–758.
Campanella L, Martini E, Tomassetti M. Antioxidant capacity of the algae using a biosensor method. Talanta 2005; 66:902–911.
Campanella L, Bonanni A, Bellantoni D et al. Biosensors for determination of total antioxidant capacity of phytotherapeutic integrators: comparison with other spectrophotometric, fluorimetric and voltammetric methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 35:303–320.
Campanella L, Bonanni A, Bellantoni D et al. Comparison of fluorimetric, voltammetric and biosensor methods for the determination of total antioxidant capacity of drug products containing acetylsalicylic acid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 36:91–99.
Campanella L, Favero G, Persi L et al. New biosensor for superoxide radical used to evidence molecules of biomedical and pharmaceutical interest having radical scavenging properties. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 23:69–76.
Campanella L, De Luca S, Favero G et al. Superoxide dismutase biosensors working in non-aqueous solvent. Fresenius J Anal Chem 2001; V369:594–600.
Campanella L, Persi L, Tomassetti M. A new tool for superoxide and nitric oxide radicals determination using suitable enzymatic sensors. Sens Actuators B 2000; 68:351–359.
Emregül E. Development of a new biosensor for superoxide radicals. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 383:947–954.
Mesáros S, Vanková Z, Grunfeld S et al. Preparation and optimization of superoxide microbiosensor. Anal Chim Acta 1998; 358:27–33.
Mesáros S, Vanková Z, Mesárosová A et al. Electrochemical determination of superoxide and nitric oxide generated from biological samples. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 1998; 46:33–37.
Descroix S, Bedioui F. Evaluation of the selectivity of overoxidized polypyrrole/superoxide dismutase based microsensor for the electrochemical measurement of superoxide anion in solution. Electroanalysis 2001; 13:524–528.
Ohsaka T, Shintani Y, Matsumoto F et al. Mediated electron transfer of polyethylene oxide-modified superoxide dismutase by methyl viologen. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 1995; 37:73–76.
Endo K, Miyasaka T, Mochizuki S et al. Development of a superoxide sensor by immobilization of superoxide dismutase. Sens Actuators B 2002; 83:30–34.
Tian Y, Mao L, Okajima T et al. Superoxide dismutase-based third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion. Anal Chem 2002; 74:2428–2434.
Tian Y, Shioda M, Kasahara S et al. A facilitated electron transfer of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) based on a cysteine-bridged SOD electrode. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002; 1569:151–158.
Tian Y, Mao L, Okajima T et al. Electrochemistry and electrocatalytic activities of superoxide dismutases at gold electrodes modified with a self-assembled monolayer. Anal Chem 2004; 76:4162–4168.
Ohsaka T, Tian Y, Shioda M et al. A superoxide dismutase-modified electrode that detects superoxide ion. Chem Commun 2002; 990–991.
Tian Y, Ariga T, Takashima N et al. Self-assembled monolayers suitable for electron-transfer promotion of copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase. Electrochem Commun 2004; 6:609–614.
Tian Y, Mao L, Okajima T et al. A carbon fiber microelectrode-based third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:557–564.
Di J, Bi S, Zhang M. Third-generation superoxide anion sensor based on superoxide dismutase directly immobilized by sol-gel thin film on gold electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:1479–1486.
Moschopoulou G, Kintzios S. Application of “membrane-engineering” to bioelectric recognition cell sensors for the ultra-sensitive detection of superoxide radical: A novel biosensor principle. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 573-574:90–96.
Fojta M, Kubicarova T, Palecek E. Electrode potential-modulated cleavage of surface-confined DNA by hydroxyl radicals detected by an electrochemical biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2000; 15:107–115.
Nagaveni K, Hegde MS, Ravishankar N et al. Synthesis and structure of nanocrystalline TiO2 with lower band gap showing high photocatalytic activity. Langmuir 2004; 20:2900–2907.
Portugal J, Waring MJ. Hydroxyl radical footprinting of the sequence-selective binding of netropsin and distamycin to DNA. FEBS Lett 1987; 225:195–200.
Jaruga P, Dizdaroglu M. Repair of products of oxidative DNA base damage in human cells. Nucl Acids Res 1996; 24:1389–1394.
Evans MD, Cooke MS. Factors contributing to the outcome of oxidative damage to nucleic acids. Bioessays 2004; 26:533–542.
Mascini M, Palchetti I, Marrazza G. DNA electrochemical biosensors. Fresenius J Anal Chem 2001; 369:15–22.
Mello LD, Hernandez S, Marrazza G et al. Investigations of the antioxidant properties of plant extracts using a DNA-electrochemical biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1374–1382.
Labuda J, Bučková M, Vanícková M et al. Voltammetric detection of the DNA interaction with copper complex compounds and damage to DNA. Electroanalysis 1999; 11:101–107.
Korbut O, Buckova M, Tarapcik P et al. Damage to DNA indicated by an electrically heated DNA-modified carbon paste electrode. J Electroanal Chem 2001; 506:143–148.
Bučková M, Labuda J, Sandula J et al. Detection of damage to DNA and antioxidative activity of yeast polysaccharides at the DNA-modified screen-printed electrode. Talanta 2002; 56:939–947.
Labuda J, Bučková M, Heilerová L et al. Detection of antioxidative activity of plant extracts at the DNA-modified screen-printed electrode. Sensors 2002; 2:1–10.
Labuda J, Bučková M, Heilerová L’ et al. Evaluation of the redox properties and anti/pro-oxidant effects of selected flavonoids by means of a DNA-based electrochemical biosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 376:168–173.
Liu J, Roussel C, Lagger G et al. Antioxidant sensors based on DNA-modified electrodes. Anal Chem 2005; 77:7687–7694.
Liu J, Su B, Lagger G et al. Antioxidant redox sensors based on DNA modified carbon screen-printed electrodes. Anal Chem 2006; 78:6879–6884.
Porasuphatana S, Tsai P, Rosen GM. The generation of free radicals by nitric oxide synthase. Comp Biochem Phys C 2003; 134:281–289.
Younathan JN, Wood KS, Meyer TJ. Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite and nitrosyl by iron(III) protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester immobilized in an electropolymerized film. Inorg Chem 1992; 31:3280–3285.
Archer S. Measurement of nitric oxide in biological models. FASEB J 1993; 7:349–360.
Shibuki K, Okada D. Endogenous nitric oxide release required for long-term synaptic depression in the cerebellum. Nature 1991; 349:326–328.
Bedioui F, Trevin S, Devynck J. The use of gold electrodes in the electrochemical detection of nitric oxide in aqueous solution. J Electroanal Chem 1994; 377:295–298.
Pariente F, Alonso JL, Abruña HD. Chemically modified electrode for the selective and sensitive determination of nitric oxide (NO) in vitro and in biological systems. J Electroanal Chem 1994; 379:191–197.
Prakash R, Srivastava RC, Seth PK. Polycarbazole modified electrode; nitric oxide sensor. Polym Bull 2001; 46:487–490.
Malinski T, Taha Z. Nitric oxide release from a single cell measured in situ by a porphyrinic-based microsensor. Nature 1992; 358:676–678.
Pontié M, Lecture H, Bedioui F. Improvement in the performance of a nickel complex-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of nitric oxide in solution. Sens Actuators B 1999; 56:1–5.
Wang Y, Li Q, Hu S. A multiwall carbon nanotubes film-modified carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode for the determination of nitric oxide radical in liver mitochondria. Bioelectrochem 2005; 65:135–142.
Zhang L, Zhao G-C, Wei X-W et al. A nitric oxide biosensor based on myoglobin adsorbed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Electroanalysis 2005; 17:630–634.
Friedemann MN, Robinson SW, Gerhardt GA. o-phenylenediamine-modified carbon fiber electrodes for the detection of nitric oxide. Anal Chem 1996; 68:2621–2628.
Park J-K, Tran PH, Chao JKT et al. In vivo nitric oxide sensor using nonconducting polymer-modified carbon fiber. Biosens Bioelectron 1998; 13:1187–1195.
Casero E, Darder M, Pariente F et al. Peroxidase enzyme electrodes as nitric oxide biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2000; 403:1–9.
Fan C, Li G, Zhu J et al. A reagentless nitric oxide biosensor based on hemoglobin-DNA films. Anal Chim Acta 2000; 423:95–100.
Fan C, Liu X, Pang J et al. Highly sensitive voltammetric biosensor for nitric oxide based on its high affinity with hemoglobin. Anal Chim Acta 2004; 523:225–228.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cortina-Puig, M., Prieto-Simón, B., Campàs, M., Calas-Blanchard, C., Marty, JL. (2010). Determination of the Antioxidants’ Ability to Scavenge Free Radicals Using Biosensors. In: Giardi, M.T., Rea, G., Berra, B. (eds) Bio-Farms for Nutraceuticals. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 698. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-7346-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-7347-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)