SpringerLink
Log in

Genetics of OCD and Related Disorders; Searching for Shared Factors

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Neurobiology and Treatment of OCD: Accelerating Progress

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 49))

Abstract

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and several other obsessive-compulsive related disorders (OCRDs) including hoarding disorder, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), skin picking disorder, trichotillomania and the newly arising public health conditions of online gaming and gambling disorders, under the umbrella of Problematic Usage of the Internet (PUI), not only share some common phenotypes, but there is evidence to suggest share some genetic risk factors. The simple fact that these disorders segregate within families points to this notion. However, the current data are still scarce. This chapter focuses on identifying the shared genetic factors. To address this question, a systematic review of the literature investigating genetic findings in OCD and OCRDs including PUI was conducted, with a focus on their genetic similarities. Greater knowledge of the specific genetic risks shared among OCRDs would be expected to open new avenues in the understanding of the biological mechanisms causing the development of these phenotypes, as well as provide opportunities to develop new animal and cellular models testing new therapy avenues.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
GBP 19.95
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
GBP 143.50
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
GBP 179.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
GBP 179.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alonso P, Gratacos M, Menchon JM, Segalas C, Gonzalez JR, Labad J et al (2008) Genetic susceptibility to obsessive-compulsive hoarding: the contribution of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3 gene. Genes Brain Behav 7(7):778–785

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bienvenu OJ, Wang Y, Shugart YY, Welch JM, Grados MA, Fyer AJ et al (2009) Sapap3 and pathological grooming in humans: results from the OCD collaborative genetics study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 150B(5):710–720

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bienvenu OJ, Samuels JF, Wuyek LA, Liang KY, Wang Y, Grados MA et al (2012) Is obsessive-compulsive disorder an anxiety disorder, and what, if any, are spectrum conditions? A family study perspective. Psychol Med 42(1):1–13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blomeyer D, Treutlein J, Esser G, Schmidt MH, Schumann G, Laucht M (2008) Interaction between CRHR1 gene and stressful life events predicts adolescent heavy alcohol use. Biol Psychiatry 63(2):146–151

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boardman L, van der Merwe L, Lochner C, Kinnear CJ, Seedat S, Stein DJ et al (2011) Investigating SAPAP3 variants in the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania in the South African white population. Compr Psychiatry 52(2):181–187

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Breckel TP, Giessing C, Gieseler A, Querbach S, Reuter M, Thiel CM (2015) Nicotinergic modulation of attention-related neural activity differentiates polymorphisms of DRD2 and CHRNA4 receptor genes. PLoS One 10(6):e0126460

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Browne HA, Gair SL, Scharf JM, Grice DE (2014) Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 37(3):319–335

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Burton CL, Park LS, Corfield EC, Forget-Dubois N, Dupuis A, Sinopoli VM et al (2018) Heritability of obsessive-compulsive trait dimensions in youth from the general population. Transl Psychiatry 8(1):191

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burton C, Barta C, Cath D, Geller D, Van den Heuvel OA, Yao Y et al (2020) Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette disorder. In: Baune B (ed) Psychiatry. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 239–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabana-Dominguez J, Shivalikanjli A, Fernandez-Castillo N, Cormand B (2019) Genome-wide association meta-analysis of cocaine dependence: shared genetics with comorbid conditions. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 94:109667

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao F, Su L (2007) Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: prevalence and psychological features. Child Care Health Dev 33(3):275–281

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chattopadhyay K (2012) The genetic factors influencing the development of trichotillomania. J Genet 91(2):259–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen AC, Manz N, Tang Y, Rangaswamy M, Almasy L, Kuperman S et al (2010) Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 gene (CRHR1) are associated with quantitative trait of event-related potential and alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 34(6):988–996

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Davis LK, Yu D, Keenan CL, Gamazon ER, Konkashbaev AI, Derks EM et al (2013) Partitioning the heritability of Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder reveals differences in genetic architecture. PLoS Genet 9(10):e1003864

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Salles Andrade JB, Giori IG, Melo-Felippe FB, Vieira-Fonseca T, Fontenelle LF, Kohlrausch FB (2019) Glutamate transporter gene polymorphisms and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control association study. J Clin Neurosci 62:53–59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deryakulu D, Ursavas OF (2014) Genetic and environmental influences on problematic internet use: a twin study. Comput Hum Behav 39:331–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enander J, Ivanov VZ, Mataix-Cols D, Kuja-Halkola R, Ljotsson B, Lundstrom S et al (2018) Prevalence and heritability of body dysmorphic symptoms in adolescents and young adults: a population-based nationwide twin study. Psychol Med 48(16):2740–2747

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fam JY (2018) Prevalence of internet gaming disorder in adolescents: a meta-analysis across three decades. Scand J Psychol 59(5):524–531

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fineberg NA, Demetrovics Z, Stein DJ, Ioannidis K, Potenza MN, Grunblatt E et al (2018) Manifesto for a European research network into problematic usage of the internet. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 28(11):1232–1246

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fu KW, Chan WS, Wong PW, Yip PS (2010) Internet addiction: prevalence, discriminant validity and correlates among adolescents in Hong Kong. Br J Psychiatry 196(6):486–492

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gao J, Davis LK, Hart AB, Sanchez-Roige S, Han L, Cacioppo JT et al (2017) Genome-wide association study of loneliness demonstrates a role for common variation. Neuropsychopharmacology 42(4):811–821

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez P, Feijoo S, Brana T, Varela J, Rial A (2020) Minors and online gambling: prevalence and related variables. J Gambl Stud 36:735–745

    Google Scholar 

  • Gozen O, Nesil T, Kanit L, Koylu EO, Pogun S (2016) Nicotinic cholinergic and dopaminergic receptor mRNA expression in male and female rats with high or low preference for nicotine. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 42(5):556–566

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grünblatt E, Marinova Z, Roth A, Gardini E, Ball J, Geissler J et al (2018) Combining genetic and epigenetic parameters of the serotonin transporter gene in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 96:209–217

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn E, Reuter M, Spinath FM, Montag C (2017) Internet addiction and its facets: the role of genetics and the relation to self-directedness. Addict Behav 65:137–146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Han DH, Lee YS, Yang KC, Kim EY, Lyoo IK, Renshaw PF (2007) Dopamine genes and reward dependence in adolescents with excessive internet video game play. J Addict Med 1(3):133–138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hemmings SM, Kinnear CJ, Lochner C, Seedat S, Corfield VA, Moolman-Smook JC et al (2006) Genetic correlates in trichotillomania – a case-control association study in the South African Caucasian population. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 43(2):93–101

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermosillo RJM, Mooney MA, Fezcko E, Earl E, Marr M, Sturgeon D et al (2020) Polygenic risk score-derived subcortical connectivity mediates attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 5(3):330–341

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howard DM, Adams MJ, Clarke TK, Hafferty JD, Gibson J, Shirali M et al (2019) Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions. Nat Neurosci 22(3):343–352

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • International Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Foundation Genetics C, Studies OCDCGA (2018) Revealing the complex genetic architecture of obsessive-compulsive disorder using meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 23(5):1181–1188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanov VZ, Nordsletten A, Mataix-Cols D, Serlachius E, Lichtenstein P, Lundstrom S et al (2017) Heritability of hoarding symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood: a longitudinal twin study. PLoS One 12(6):e0179541

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen PR, Watanabe K, Stringer S, Skene N, Bryois J, Hammerschlag AR et al (2019a) Genome-wide analysis of insomnia in 1,331,010 individuals identifies new risk loci and functional pathways. Nat Genet 51(3):394–403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen AG, Dieleman GC, Jansen PR, Verhulst FC, Posthuma D, Polderman TJC (2019b) Psychiatric polygenic risk scores as predictor for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in a clinical child and adolescent sample. Behav Genet

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeong JE, Rhee JK, Kim TM, Kwak SM, Bang SH, Cho H et al (2017) The association between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 subunit gene (CHRNA4) rs1044396 and internet gaming disorder in Korean male adults. PLoS One 12(12):e0188358

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karhulahti VM, Koskimaa R (2019) On the prevalence of addicted or problematic gaming in Finland. Addict Behav Rep 10:100225

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JY, Jeong JE, Rhee JK, Cho H, Chun JW, Kim TM et al (2016) Targeted exome sequencing for the identification of a protective variant against internet gaming disorder at rs2229910 of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor, type 3 (NTRK3): a pilot study. J Behav Addict 5(4):631–638

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Singh S, Singh K, Rajkumar S, Balhara YPS (2019) Prevalence and pattern of problematic internet use among engineering students from different colleges in India. Indian J Psychiatry 61(6):578–583

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lee BT, Ham BJ (2008) Serotonergic genes and amygdala activity in response to negative affective facial stimuli in Korean women. Genes Brain Behav 7(8):899–905

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Chen J, Li N, Li X (2014) A twin study of problematic internet use: its heritability and genetic association with effortful control. Twin Res Hum Genet 17(4):279–287

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Xu DD, Chai JX, Wang D, Li L, Zhang L et al (2018) Prevalence of internet addiction disorder in Chinese university students: a comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies. J Behav Addict 7(3):610–623

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Long EC, Verhulst B, Neale MC, Lind PA, Hickie IB, Martin NG et al (2016) The genetic and environmental contributions to internet use and associations with psychopathology: a twin study. Twin Res Hum Genet 19(1):1–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Markett S, Reuter M, Montag C, Weber B (2013) The dopamine D2 receptor gene DRD2 and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNA4 interact on striatal gray matter volume: evidence from a genetic imaging study. NeuroImage 64:167–172

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews CA, Nievergelt CM, Azzam A, Garrido H, Chavira DA, Wessel J et al (2007) Heritability and clinical features of multigenerational families with obsessive-compulsive disorder and hoarding. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 144B(2):174–182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattheisen M, Samuels JF, Wang Y, Greenberg BD, Fyer AJ, McCracken JT et al (2015) Genome-wide association study in obsessive-compulsive disorder: results from the OCGAS. Mol Psychiatry 20(3):337–344

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melo-Felippe FB, de Salles Andrade JB, Giori IG, Vieira-Fonseca T, Fontenelle LF, Kohlrausch FB (2016) Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphisms in specific obsessive-compulsive disorder Patients' subgroups. J Mol Neurosci 58(1):129–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montag C, Kirsch P, Sauer C, Markett S, Reuter M (2012) The role of the CHRNA4 gene in internet addiction: a case-control study. J Addict Med 6(3):191–195

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monzani B, Rijsdijk F, Anson M, Iervolino AC, Cherkas L, Spector T et al (2012a) A twin study of body dysmorphic concerns. Psychol Med 42(9):1949–1955

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monzani B, Rijsdijk F, Iervolino AC, Anson M, Cherkas L, Mataix-Cols D (2012b) Evidence for a genetic overlap between body dysmorphic concerns and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in an adult female community twin sample. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 159B(4):376–382

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monzani B, Rijsdijk F, Harris J, Mataix-Cols D (2014) The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for dimensional representations of DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. JAMA Psychiat 71(2):182–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muller MB, Wurst W (2004) Getting closer to affective disorders: the role of CRH receptor systems. Trends Mol Med 10(8):409–415

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagel M, Jansen PR, Stringer S, Watanabe K, de Leeuw CA, Bryois J et al (2018) Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for neuroticism in 449,484 individuals identifies novel genetic loci and pathways. Nat Genet 50(7):920–927

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nestadt G, Samuels J, Riddle M, Bienvenu OJ 3rd, Liang KY, LaBuda M et al (2000) A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57(4):358–363

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ni G, Amare AT, Zhou X, Mills N, Gratten J, Lee SH (2019) The genetic relationship between female reproductive traits and six psychiatric disorders. Sci Rep 9(1):12041

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordsletten AE, Reichenberg A, Hatch SL, Fernandez de la Cruz L, Pertusa A, Hotopf M et al (2013) Epidemiology of hoarding disorder. Br J Psychiatry 203(6):445–452

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Novak CE, Keuthen NJ, Stewart SE, Pauls DL (2009) A twin concordance study of trichotillomania. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 150B(7):944–949

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okbay A, Beauchamp JP, Fontana MA, Lee JJ, Pers TH, Rietveld CA et al (2016a) Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment. Nature 533(7604):539–542

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Okbay A, Baselmans BM, De Neve JE, Turley P, Nivard MG, Fontana MA et al (2016b) Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses. Nat Genet 48(6):624–633

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Otowa T, Hek K, Lee M, Byrne EM, Mirza SS, Nivard MG et al (2016) Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of anxiety disorders. Mol Psychiatry 21(10):1391–1399

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Paik SH, Choi MR, Kwak SM, Bang SH, Chun JW, Kim JY et al (2017) An association study of Taq1A ANKK1 and C957T and – 141C DRD2 polymorphisms in adults with internet gaming disorder: a pilot study. Ann General Psychiatry 16:45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park SK, Kim JY, Cho CB (2008) Prevalence of internet addiction and correlations with family factors among South Korean adolescents. Adolescence 43(172):895–909

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park J, Sung JY, Kim DK, Kong ID, Hughes TL, Kim N (2018) Genetic association of human Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) with internet gaming addiction in Korean male adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 18(1):396

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pauls DL (2010) The genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 12(2):149–163

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pauls DL, Abramovitch A, Rauch SL, Geller DA (2014) Obsessive-compulsive disorder: an integrative genetic and neurobiological perspective. Nat Rev Neurosci 15(6):410–424

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perroud N, Guipponi M, Pertusa A, Fullana MA, Iervolino AC, Cherkas L et al (2011) Genome-wide association study of hoarding traits. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 156(2):240–242

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Polimanti R, Walters RK, Johnson EC, McClintick JN, Adkins AE, Adkins DE et al (2020) Leveraging genome-wide data to investigate differences between opioid use vs. opioid dependence in 41,176 individuals from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Mol Psychiatry

    Google Scholar 

  • Quan J, Ong ML, Bureau JF, Sim LW, Sanmugam S, Abdul Malik AB et al (2017) The influence of CHRNA4, COMT, and maternal sensitivity on orienting and executive attention in 6-month-old infants. Brain Cogn 116:17–28

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ray LA, Sehl M, Bujarski S, Hutchison K, Blaine S, Enoch MA (2013) The CRHR1 gene, trauma exposure, and alcoholism risk: a test of G x E effects. Genes Brain Behav 12(4):361–369

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson TG, Harrison S, Hemani G, Davey SG (2019) An atlas of polygenic risk score associations to highlight putative causal relationships across the human phenome. eLife 8

    Google Scholar 

  • Salvatore JE, Barr PB, Stephenson M, Aliev F, Kuo SI, Su J et al (2020) Sibling comparisons elucidate the associations between educational attainment polygenic scores and alcohol, nicotine and cannabis. Addiction 115(2):337–346

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savage JE, Jansen PR, Stringer S, Watanabe K, Bryois J, de Leeuw CA et al (2018) Genome-wide association meta-analysis in 269,867 individuals identifies new genetic and functional links to intelligence. Nat Genet 50(7):912–919

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sayyah M, Khanafereh S (2019) Prevalence of internet addiction among medical students: a study from southwestern Iran. Cent Eur J Public Health 27(4):326–329

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw M, Black DW (2008) Internet addiction: definition, assessment, epidemiology and clinical management. CNS Drugs 22(5):353–365

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sinopoli VM, Erdman L, Burton CL, Park LS, Dupuis A, Shan J et al (2019) Serotonin system genes and obsessive-compulsive trait dimensions in a population-based, pediatric sample: a genetic association study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 60(12):1289–1299

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siomos KE, Dafouli ED, Braimiotis DA, Mouzas OD, Angelopoulos NV (2008) Internet addiction among Greek adolescent students. Cyberpsychol Behav 11(6):653–657

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart SE, Yu D, Scharf JM, Neale BM, Fagerness JA, Mathews CA et al (2013a) Genome-wide association study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 18(7):788–798

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart SE, Mayerfeld C, Arnold PD, Crane JR, O'Dushlaine C, Fagerness JA et al (2013b) Meta-analysis of association between obsessive-compulsive disorder and the 3′ region of neuronal glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 162(4):367–379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor S (2013) Molecular genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a comprehensive meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Mol Psychiatry 18(7):799–805

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Timpano KR, Schmidt NB, Wheaton MG, Wendland JR, Murphy DL (2011) Consideration of the BDNF gene in relation to two phenotypes: hoarding and obesity. J Abnorm Psychol 120(3):700–707

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • van den Berg SM, de Moor MH, Verweij KJ, Krueger RF, Luciano M, Arias Vasquez A et al (2016) Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for extraversion: findings from the genetics of personality consortium. Behav Genet 46(2):170–182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Grootheest DS, Cath DC, Beekman AT, Boomsma DI (2005) Twin studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review. Twin Res Hum Genet 8(5):450–458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vink JM, van Beijsterveldt TC, Huppertz C, Bartels M, Boomsma DI (2016) Heritability of compulsive internet use in adolescents. Addict Biol 21(2):460–468

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walitza S, Wendland JR, Gruenblatt E, Warnke A, Sontag TA, Tucha O et al (2010) Genetics of early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19(3):227–235

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walitza S, Marinova Z, Grünblatt E, Lazic SE, Remschmidt H, Vloet TD et al (2014) Trio study and meta-analysis support the association of genetic variation at the serotonin transporter with early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurosci Lett 580:100–103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang SK, Lee YH, Kim JL, Chee IS (2014) No effect on body dissatisfaction of an interaction between 5-HTTLPR genotype and neuroticism in a young adult Korean population. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 12(3):229–234

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wen L, Yang Z, Cui W, Li MD (2016) Crucial roles of the CHRNB3-CHRNA6 gene cluster on chromosome 8 in nicotine dependence: update and subjects for future research. Transl Psychiatry 6(6):e843

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yen JY, Ko CH, Yen CF, Chen SH, Chung WL, Chen CC (2008) Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with internet addiction: comparison with substance use. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 62(1):9–16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zai G, Barta C, Cath D, Eapen V, Geller D, Grunblatt E (2019) New insights and perspectives on the genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Genet 29(5):142–151

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zilhão N, Boomsma D, Smit D, Cath D (2019) Genetics of obsessive – compulsive disorder and Tourette’s syndrome. In: Miu A, Homberg J, Lesch K (eds) Genes, brain, and emotions: interdisciplinary and translational perspectives. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Edna Grünblatt

  2. Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Edna Grünblatt

  3. Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Edna Grünblatt

Authors
  1. Edna Grünblatt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Edna Grünblatt .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK

    Naomi A. Fineberg

  2. Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Trevor W. Robbins

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Grünblatt, E. (2021). Genetics of OCD and Related Disorders; Searching for Shared Factors. In: Fineberg, N.A., Robbins, T.W. (eds) The Neurobiology and Treatment of OCD: Accelerating Progress. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 49. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2020_194

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation