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Metal-Substituted Microporous Aluminophosphates

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Structure and Reactivity of Metals in Zeolite Materials

Part of the book series: Structure and Bonding ((STRUCTURE,volume 178))

Abstract

This chapter aims to present the zeotypes aluminophosphates (AlPOs) as a complementary alternative to zeolites in the isomorphic incorporation of metal ions within all-inorganic microporous frameworks as well as to discuss didactically the catalytic consequences derived from the distinctive features of both frameworks. It does not intend to be a compilation of either all or the most significant publications involving metal-substituted microporous aluminophosphates. Families of AlPOs and zeolites, which include metal ion-substituted variants, are the dominant microporous materials. Both these systems are widely used as catalysts, in particular through aliovalent metal ions substitution. Here, some general description of the synthesis procedures and characterization techniques of the MeAPOs (metal-contained aluminophosphates) is given along with catalytic properties. Next, some illustrative examples of the catalytic possibilities of MeAPOs as catalysts in the transformation of the organic molecules are given. The oxidation of the hardly activated hydrocarbons has probably been the most successful use of AlPOs doped with the divalent transition metal ions Co2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+, whose incorporation in zeolites is disfavoured. The catalytic role of these MeAPOs is rationalized based on the knowledge acquired from a combination of the most advanced characterization techniques. Finally, the importance of the high specificity of the structure-directing agents employed in the preparation of MeAPOs is discussed taking N,N-methyldicyclohexylamine in the synthesis of AFI-structured materials as a driving force. It is shown how such a high specificity could be predicted and how it can open great possibilities in the control of parameters as critical in catalysis as crystal size, inter- and intracrystalline mesoporosity, acidity, redox properties, incorporation of a great variety of heteroatom ions or final environment of the metal site (surrounding it by either P or Al).

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Acknowledgements

GS thank EPSRC and Royal Society for funding. MSS acknowledges the financing by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through the Project MAT2016-77496-R (AEI/FEDER, UE). Thanks to Dr. A. Alfayate for kindly providing us a figure.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK

    Gopinathan Sankar

  2. Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, Madrid, Spain

    Manuel Sánchez-Sánchez

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  1. Gopinathan Sankar
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  2. Manuel Sánchez-Sánchez
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Correspondence to Gopinathan Sankar or Manuel Sánchez-Sánchez .

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  1. CSIC, Instituto de Catálisis y, Petroleoquímica (ICP), Madrid, Spain

    Joaquín Pérez Pariente

  2. CSIC, Instituto de Catálisis y, Petroleoquímica (ICP), Madrid, Spain

    Manuel Sánchez-Sánchez

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Sankar, G., Sánchez-Sánchez, M. (2018). Metal-Substituted Microporous Aluminophosphates. In: Pérez Pariente, J., Sánchez-Sánchez, M. (eds) Structure and Reactivity of Metals in Zeolite Materials. Structure and Bonding, vol 178. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/430_2018_25

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