Abstract
The holographic grating technique of thermal-diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS) is used for the study of Fickian and thermal diffusion in simple liquids and polymer solutions. All three diffusion coefficients D th , D, D t and the Soret coefficient S t can be obtained from a single experiment. Due to the short diffusion length of the order of a few μm, the whole system is very stable against perturbations like convection. TDFRS and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) are compared in detail. In case of polydisperse solutes, TDFRS does not suffer from the high scattering power of heavy components, which dominate the PCS correlation function. Quantities of interest for polymer analysis are distribution functions and averages of diffusion coefficients and molar masses. The weight distribution of the hydrodynamic radius follows directly from the heterodyne diffraction efficiency, without the need to resort to scaling relations. Pseudostochastic binary sequences with a broad power spectrum allow for the direct measurement of the linear response function, to which the individual molar masses contribute strictly concentration proportional, with a high spectral power density. Certain diffusive modes can be suppressed or enhanced by random binary sequences with colored power spectra, which are tailored to the specific experimental problem.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ludwig C (1856) Sitzber Akad Wiss Wien Math-naturw. Kl 20:539
Soret C (1879) Arch Geneve 3:48
Debye P, Bueche A M (1948) In: Robinson H A (ed) High-Polymer Physics Chemical Publishing, Brooklyn, p 497
Langhammer G H, Pfennig H, Quitzsch (1958) K Z Elektrochem 62:458
Ecenarro O, Madariaga J A, Navarro J, Santamaria C M, Carrion J A, Saviron J M (1990) J Phys Condens Matter 2:2289
Ecenarro O, Madariaga J A, Navarro J, Santamaria C M, Carrion J A, Saviron J M (1994) Macromolecules 27:4968
Tyrrell H JV (1961) Diffusion and Heat ow in Liquids Butterworth London
Emery A H, Drickamer H G J (1955) Chem Phys 23:2252
Hoffman J D, Zimm B H (1955) J Polymer Sci 15:405
Whitmore F C (1960) J Appl Phys 31:1858
Meyerhoff G, Nachtigall K (1962) J Polymer Sci 57:227
Nachtigall K, Meyerhoff G (1959) Makromol Chemie 33:85
Giglio M, Vendramini A (1977) Phys Rev Lett 38:26
Giglio M, Vendramini A (1975) Phys Rev Lett 34:561
Kolodner P, Williams H, Moe C (1988) J Chem Phys 88:6512
Zhang K J, Briggs M E, Gammon R W, Sengers J V (1996) J Chem Phys 104:6881
Giddings J C, Caldwell K D, Myers M N (1976) Macromolecules 9:106
Giddings J C, Hovingh M E, Thompson G H (1970) J Phys Chem 74:4291
Giddings J C, Caldwell K D, Myers M N (1976) Macromolecules 9:106
Brimhall S L, Myers M N, Caldwell K D, Giddings J C (1985) J Polym Sci Polym Phys 23:2443
Schimpf M E, Giddings J C (1989) J Polym Sci Polym Phys B27:1317
Venema E, de Leeuw P, Kraak J C, Poppe H, Tijssen R (1997) J. Chromatogr. A, 765:135
Schimpf M E, Giddings J C (1990) J Polym Sci Polym Phys B28:2673
M. Antonietti, A. Briel, and C. Tank. Acta Polymer., 46:254, (1995)
Kirkland J J, Rementer S W, Yau W W (1989) J Appl Polymer Sci 38:1383
Li W B, private communication
Thyagarajan K, Lallemand P (1978) Opt Commun 26:54
Köhler W (1993) J Chem Phys 98:660
Wesson JA, Noh I, Kitano T, Yu H (1984) Macromolecules, 17:782
Sillescu H (1988) Makromol Chem Makromol Symp 18:135
Hervet H, Leger L, Rondelez F (1979) Phys Rev Lett 42:1681
Rondelez F (1980) In: Degiorgio V, Corti M, Giglio M editors Light scattering in liquids and macromolecular solutions Plenum PubCorp New York p 243
Pohl D W, Schwarz S E, Irniger V (1973) Phys Rev Lett 31:32
Köhler W, Rossmanith P (1995) J Phys Chem 99:5838
Köhler W, Rossmanith P (1995) Int J Polym Analysis and Characterization 1:49
Köhler W, Rosenauer C, Rossmanith P (1995) Int J Thermophys 16:11
Rosenauer, Köhler W (1996) Macromolecules 29:3203
Johnson Jr C S (1985) J Opt Soc B 2:317
Eichler H J, Guenther P, Pohl D W(1986) Laser-induced dynamic gratings Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
Späth H (1973) Algorithmen für multivariable Ausgleichsmodelle Oldenburg München
Holleman A F, Wiberg E (1971) Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie de Gruyter Berlin
Spill R, unpublished
Becker A, Köhler W, Müller B (1995) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 99:600
Allain C, Lallemand P (1977) C R Acad Sc Paris Ser B 285:187
Bloisi F, Vicari L, Cavaliere P, Martellucci S, Quartieri J, Mormile P, Pierattini G (1987) Appl Phys B44:103
Pohl DW (1980) Phys Rev 77A:53
Nagasaka Y, Hatakeyama T, Okuda M, Nagashima A (1988) Rev Sci Instrum 59(7):1156
Kogelnik H (1969) Bell System Tech J48:2909
Köhler W, Müller B (1995) J Chem Phys 103:4367
Li W B, Segre P N, Gammon R W, Sengers J V (1994) Physica A 204:399
Bou-Ali M M, Ecenarro O, Madariaga J A, Santamaria C M, Valencia J J (1998) J Phys Condens Matter 10:3321
Köhler W, Müller-Plathe F, Reith D Unpublished
Provencher S W (1982) Computer Phys Commun 27:213
Provencher S W (1982) Computer Phys Commun 27:229
Koppel D E (1972) J Chem Phys 57:4814
Chu B (1991) Laser Light Scattering Academic Press New York
Provencher S W (1979) Makromol Chem 180:201
Honerkamp J, Maier D, Weese J (1993) J Chem Phys 98:865
Schnablegger H, Glatter O (1991) Appl Opt 30:4889
Glatter O, Sieberer J, Schnablegger H (1991) Part Part Syst Charact 8:274
Stock R S, Ray W H (1985) J Polym Sci Polym Phys 23:1393
King T A, Treadaway M F (1977) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 73:1616
Stölken S, Bartsch E, Sillescu H, Lindner P (1995) Prog Coll Polym Sci 98:155
Köhler W, Schäfer R, Bartsch E, Stoelken S (1997) Progr Colloid Polym Sci 104:132
Bartsch E, Frenz V, Sillescu H (1994) J Noncryst Solids 172:88
Stölken S, Bartsch E, Sillescu H, Lindner P (1995) Prog Coll Polym Sci 98:155
Renth F, Bartsch E, Kasper A, Kirsch S, Stölken S, Sillescu H, Köhler W, Schäfer R (1996) Progr Colloid Polym Sci 100:127
Medina-Noyola M (1988) Phys Rev Lett 60:2705
Kops-Werkhoven M M, Fijnaut H M (1981) J Chem Phys 74:1618
van Megen W, Ottewill R H, Owens S M (1985) J Chem Phys 82:508
M M Kops-Werkhoven and H M Fijnaut (1981) J. Chem. Phys., 77:2242
Beenakker C W J, Mazur P (1984) Physica A 126:349
Bloisi F Opt (1988) Commun 68:87
Schäfer R (1997) PhD thesis, Mainz
Schäfer R, Becker A, Köhler W (1998) Int J Thermophys 20:1 (1999)
Stearns S D (1987) Digitale Verarbeitung analoger Signale Oldenburg München
Ziessow D (1973) On-line Rechner in der Chemie de Gruyter Berlin
Ziessow D, Blümich B (1974) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 78:1168
Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt C D, Vecchi M P (1983) Science, 220:671
Stark H (1987) Image recovery theory and application Academic Press
S Stearns (1987) Digitale Verarbeitung analoger Signale Oldenburg München
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Köhler, W., Schäfer, R. (2000). Polymer Analysis by Thermal-Diffusion Forced Rayleigh Scattering. In: Schmidt, M. (eds) New Developments in Polymer Analytics II. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 151. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48763-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48763-8_1
Received:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-66078-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48763-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive