SpringerLink
Log in

Synthesis of ruthenium(II) complexes of aromatic chelating heterocycles: Towards the design of luminescent compounds

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Coordination Compounds: Synthesis and Medical Application

Part of the book series: Structure and Bonding ((STRUCTURE,volume 67))

Abstract

The majority of ruthenium(II) compounds which have been observed to be luminescent are complexes of aromatic heterocyclic chelating ligands. Methods of synthesizing such complexes are reviewed and recommendations made (where considered possible) as to the best procedures.

Models for the emitting excited state are reviewed, particularly with regard to the effects of molecular structure on excited state behavior. Data are tabulated for known emitting complexes. While a wide variety of luminescent ruthenium(II) complexes cannot be designed at present, some guidelines are beginning to emerge.

In the future we look for continued development of the excited state model. Further structure-emission efficiency correlations and correlation with solvent properties are seen as bein important.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sullivan, B. P., Salmon, D. J., Meyer, T. J.: Inorg. Chem. 17, 3334 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson, S., Seddon, K. R.: J. Chem. Rsch. (S) 74 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Krause, R. A., Krause, K.: Inorg. Chem. 21, 1714 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Krause, R. A., Krause, K.: ibid. 23, 2195 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Burstall, F. H.: J. Chem. Soc. 173 (1936)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Morgan, G., Burstall, F. H.: ibid. 1649 (1937)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cook, M. J., Lewis, A. P., McAuliffe, G. S. G., Skarda, V., Thomson, A. J., Glasper, J. L., Robbins, D. J.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1293 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Palmer, R. A., Piper, T. S.: Inorg. Chem. 5, 864 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ackermann, M. N., Interrante, L. V.: ibid. 23, 3904 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Nakamaru, K.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 55, 2697 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Belser, P., von Zelewsky, A.: Helv. Chim. Acta 63, 1675 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Nasouri, F. G., Blackmore, M. W., Magee, R. J.: Aust. J. Chem. 20, 1291 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Brown, G. M., Weaver, T. R., Keene, F. R., Meyer, T. J.: Inorg. Chem. 15, 190 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kitamura, N., Kawanishi, Y., Tazuke, S.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 97, 103 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hunziker, M., Ludi, A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 7370 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu, C. F., Liu, N. C., Bailar, J. C., Jr.: Inorg. Chem. 3, 1085 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dwyer, F. P., Humpoletz, J. E., Nyholm, R. S.: J. Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales 80, 212 (1946)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Dwyer, F. P.: ibid. 83, 134 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lin, C.-T., Boettcher, W., Chou, M., Creutz, C., Sutin, N.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 6536 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Segers, D. P., DeArmond, M. K.: J. Phys. Chem. 86, 3768 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Steel, P. J., LaHousse, F., Lerner, D., Marzin, C.: Inorg. Chem. 22, 1488 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Broomhead, J. A., Young, C. G.: Inorg. Syntheses 21, 127 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ciantelli, G., Legittimo, P., Pantani, F.: Anal. Chim. Acta 53, 303 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Goodwin, H. A.: Aust. J. Chem. 17, 1366 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Alford, P. C., Cook, M. J., Lewis, A. P., McAuliffe, G. S. G., Skarda, V., Thomson, A. J., Glasper, J. L., Robbins, D. J.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 705 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Dwyer, F. P., Gibson, N. A., Gyarfas, E. C.: J. Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales 84, 68 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Rillema, D. P., Allen, G., Meyer, T. J., Conrad, D.: Inorg. Chem. 22, 1617 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Haga, M.-A.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 77, L39 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Staniewicz, R. J., Hendricker, D. G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 6581 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Binamira-Soriaga, E., Sprouse, S. D., Watts, R. J., Kaska, W. C.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 84, 135 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Krug, W. P., Demas, J. N.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 4394 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Klassen, D. M., Hudson, C. W., Shaddix, E. L.: Inorg. Chem. 14, 2733 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Fitzpatrick, L. J., Goodwin, H. A.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 61, 229 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Braddock, J. N., Meyer, T. J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95, 3158 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Evans, I. P., Spencer, A., Wilkinson, G.: J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 204 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Crutchley, R. J., Lever, A. B. P.: Inorg. Chem. 21, 2276 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kirsch-De Mesmaeker, A., Nasielski-Hinkens, R., Maetens, D., Pauwels, D., Nasielski, J.: ibid. 23, 377 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kirsch-De Mesmaeker, A., Maetens, D., Nasielski-Hinkens, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 182, 123 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Marks, D. N., Siegl, W. O., Gagne, R. R.: Inorg. Chem. 21, 3140 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Rose, D., Wilkinson, G.: J. Chem. Soc. A 1791 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Gilbert, J. D., Rose, D., Wilkinson, G.: ibid. 2765 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Fabian, R. H., Klassen, D. M., Sonntag, R. W.: Inorg. Chem. 19, 1977 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Klassen, D. M.: ibid. 15, 3166 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Anderson, S., Constable, E. C., Seddon, K. R., Turp, J. E., Baggott, J. E., Pilling, M. J.: J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 2247 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Bottomley, F., Mukaida, M.: ibid. 1933 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Bottomley, F., Mukaida, M.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 97, L29 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Mercer, E. E., Buckley, R. R.: Inorg. Chem. 4, 1692 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Broomhead, J. A., Dwyer, F. P., Goodwin, H. A., Kane-Maguire, L., Reid, L: Inorg. Syntheses 11, 70 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Dwyer, F. P., Goodwin, H. A., Gyarfas, E. C.: Aust. J. Chem. 16, 544 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Procedure attributed to H. Goodwin (unpublished work) by: Davies, N. R., Mullins, T. L.: 20, 657 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Bryant, G. M., Fergusson, J. E., Powell, H. K. J.: ibid. 24, 257 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Klassen, D. M.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 93, 383 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Sprintschnik, G., Sprintschnik, H. W., Kirch, P. P., Whitten, D. G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 4947 (l977)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Giordano, P. J., Bock, C. R., Wrighton, M. S.: 100, 6960 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. McClanahan, S. F., Dallinger, R. F., Holler, F. J., Kincaid, J. R.: 107, 4853 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Crutchley, R. J., Lever, A. B. P., Poggi, A.: Inorg. Chem. 22, 2647 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Birchall, J. D., O'Donoghue, T. D., Wood, J. R.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 37, L461 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Krause, R. A.: ibid. 31, 241 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Liu, C. F., Liu, N. C., Bailar, J. C., Jr.: Inorg. Chem. 3, 1197 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Mahoney, D. F., Beattie, J. K.: ibid. 12, 2561 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. James, B. R., McMillan, R. S., Ochiai, E.: Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 8, 239 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Krause, R. A., Krause, K.: Inorg. Chem. 19, 2600 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Goswami, S., Chakravarty, A. R., Chakravorty, A.: ibid. 20, 2246 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Weiner, M. A., Basu, A.: ibid. 19, 2797 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Bressan, M., Rigo, P.: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 38, 592 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Goodwin, H. A., Lions, F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 311 (1959

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Sutton, G. J.: Aust. J. Chem. 19, 2059 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Johnson, E. C., Sullivan, B. P., Salmon, D. J., Adeyemi, S. A., Meyer, T. J.: Inorg. Chem. 17, 2211 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Mukaida, M., Yoneda, M., Nomura, T.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 50, 3053 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Tanaka, M., Nagai, T., Miki, E., Mizumachi, K., Ishimori, T.: Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1112 (1979); Chem. Abstr. 91, 150494 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Keene, F. R., Salmon, D. J., Meyer, T. J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 1884 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Durham, B., Wilson, S. R., Hodgson, D. J., Meyer, T. J.: ibid. 102, 600 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Goswami, S., Chakravarty, A. R., Chakravorty, A.: Inorg. Chem. 22, 602 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Sullivan, B. P., Baumann, J. A., Meyer, T. J., Salmon, D. J., Lehmann, H., Ludi, A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 7368 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Connor, J. A., Meyer, T. J., Sullivan, B. P.: Inorg. Chem. 18, 1388 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Demas, J. N., Turner, T. F., Crosby, G. A.: ibid. 8, 674 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Godwin, J. B., Meyer, T. J.: ibid. 10, 471 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  78. Adeyemi, S. A., Miller, F. J., Meyer, T. J.: ibid. 11, 994 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Callahan, R. W., Meyer, T. J.: ibid. 16, 574 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Clear, J. M., Kelly, J. M., O'Connell, C. M., Vos, J. G., Cardin, C. J., Costa, S. R., Edwards, A. J.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 750 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Cole-Hamilton, D. J.: ibid. 1213 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Sullivan, B. P., Caspar, J. V., Johnson, S. R., Meyer, T. J.: Organometallics 3, 1241 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Choudhury, D., Jones, R. F., Smith, G., Cole-Hamilton, D. J.: J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1143 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Kelly, J. M., Vos, J. G.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 21, 628 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  85. Kelly, J. M., O'Connell, C. M., Vos, J. G.: Inorg. Chim. Acta Lett. 64, L75 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Red carbonyl solutions were first described by: Chatt, J., Shaw, B. L., Field, A. E.: J. Chem. Soc. 3466 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  87. Black, D. St. C., Deacon, G. B., Thomas, N. C.: Trans. Met. Chem. 5, 317 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Kelly, J. M., O'Connell, C. M., Vos, J. G.: J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 253 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Miller, R. R., Brandt, W. W., Puke, M. Sr.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 3178 (1955)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Morgan, G., Burstall, F. H.: J. Chem. Soc. 1675 (1938)

    Google Scholar 

  91. Dwyer, F. P., Goodwin, H. A., Gyarfas, E. C.: Aust. J. Chem. 16, 42 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. James, B. R., McMillan, R. S.: Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 11, 837 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Krause, R. A.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 22, 209 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Alvarez, V. E., Allen, R. J., Matsubara, T., Ford, P. C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96, 7686 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Ruminski, R. R., Petersen, J. D.: Inorg. Chem. 21, 3706 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Sullivan, B. P., Calvert, J. M., Meyer, T. J.: ibid. 19, 1404 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Hudali, H. A., Kingston, J. V., Tayim, H. A.: ibid. 18, 1391 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Abel, E. W., Bennett, M. A., Wilkinson, G.: J. Chem. Soc. 3178 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  99. Schrock, R. R., Johnson, B. F. G., Lewis, J.: J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 951 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  100. Robertson, D. R., Robertson, I. W., Stephenson, T. A.: J. Organomet. Chem. 202, 309 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Irving, R. J.: J. Chem. Soc. 2879 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  102. Kingston, J. V., Jamieson, J. W. S., Wilkinson, G.: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 29, 133 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Deacon, G. B., Patrick, J. M., Skelton, B. W., Thomas, N. C., White, A. H.: Aust. J. Chem. 37, 929 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Hiraki, K., Obayashi, Y., Oki, Y.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 52, 1372 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Gopinathan, C.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 87, L17 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Gilbert, J. D., Wilkinson, G.: J. Chem. Soc. A 1749 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  107. Switkes, E. S., Ruiz-Ramirez, L., Stephenson, T. A., Sinclair, J.: Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 8, 593 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Goswami, S., Chakravarty, A. R., Chakravorty, A.: Inorg. Chem. 21, 2737 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Sullivan, B. P., Salmon, D. J., Meyer, T. J., Peedin, J.: ibid. 18, 3369 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Vos, J. G., Haasnoot, J. G., Vos, G.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 71, 155 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Clear, J. M., Kelly, J. M., O'Connell, C. M., Vos, J. G.: J. Chem. Rsch. (M) 3039 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  112. Reveco, P., Medley, J. H., Garber, A. R., Bhacca, N. S., Selbin, J.: Inorg. Chem. 24, 1096 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Blumer, D. J., Barnett, K. W., Brown, T. L.: J. Organomet. Chem. 173, 71 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Black, D. St. C., Deacon, G. B., Thomas, N. C.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 54, L143 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Black, D. St. C., Deacon, G. B., Thomas, N. C.: ibid. 65, L75 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Black, D. St. C., Deacon, G. B., Thomas, N. C.: Aust. J. Chem. 35, 2445 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Black, D. St. C., Deacon, G. B., Thomas, N. C.: Polyhedron 2, 409 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Hough, J. J., Singleton, E.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 371 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  119. Ashworth, T. V., Singleton, E., Hough, J. J.: J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1809 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  120. Ashworth, T. V., Reimann, R. H., Singleton, E.: ibid. 1036 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  121. Bernhard, P., Lehmann, H., Ludi, A.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1216 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  122. Bernhard, P., Burgi, H.-B., Hauser, J., Lehmann, H., Ludi, A.: Inorg. Chem. 21, 3936 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Bernhard, P., Helm, L., Rapaport, I., Ludi, A., Merbach, A. E.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 302 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  124. Bailey, O. H., Ludi, A.: Inorg. Chem. 24, 2582 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Bernhard, P., Sargeson, A. M.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1516 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  126. Dixon, N. E., Lawrance, G. A., Lay, P. A., Sargeson, A. M.: Inorg. Chem. 22, 846 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Ruiz-Ramirez, L., Stephenson, T. A.: J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 2244 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  128. Poddar, R. K., Agarwala, U.: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 35, 567 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Newton, W. E., Searles, J. E.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 7, 349 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. tom Dieck, H., Kollvitz, W., Kleinwachter, I.: Inorg. Chem. 23, 2685 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Hoggard, P. E., Porter, G. B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 1457 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Wallace, W. M., Hoggard, P. E.: Inorg. Chem. 18, 2934 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Wallace, W. M., Hoggard, P. E.: ibid. 19, 2141 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Jones, R. F., Cole-Hamilton, D. J.: Inorg. Chim. Acta Lett. 53, L3 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Broomhead, J. A., Ileperuma. O.: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 43, 3181 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Bosnich, B., Dwyer, F. P.: Aust. J. Chem. 19, 2229 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Durham, B., Walsh, J. L., Carter, C. L., Meyer, T. J.: Inorg. Chem. 19, 860 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Paris, J. P., Brandt, W. W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 5001 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Kalyanasundaram, K.: Coord. Chem. Rev. 46, 159 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Klassen, D. M., Crosby, G. A.: J. Chem. Phys. 48, 1853 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Demas, J. N., Crosby, G. A.: J. Mol. Spectrosc. 26, 72 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Harrigan, R. W., Crosby, G. A.: J. Chem. Phys. 59, 3468 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Hager, G. D., Crosby, G. A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 7031 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Crosby, G. A., Hipps, K. W., Elfring, W. H., Jr.: ibid. 96, 629 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Crosby, G. A., Elfring, W. H., Jr.: J. Phys. Chem. 80, 2206 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Krause, R. A., Ballhausen, C. J.: Acta Chem. Scand. A31, 535 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  147. Anderson, S., Seddon, K. R., Wright, R. D., Cocks, A. T.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 71, 220 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Cocks, A. T., Wright, R. D., Seddon, K. R.: ibid. 85, 369 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Belser, P., von Zelewsky, A., Juris, A., Barigelletti, F., Balzani, V.: ibid. 104, 100 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Sullivan, B. P., Abruna, H., Finklea, H. O., Salmon, D. J., Nagle, J. K., Meyer, T. J., Sprintschnik, H.: ibid. 58, 389 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Hipps, K. W.: Inorg. Chem. 19, 1390 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. DeArmond, M. K., Carlin, C. M., Huang, W. L.: ibid. 19, 62 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Carlin, C. M., DeArmond, M. K.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 89, 297 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Carlin, C. M., DeArmond, M. K.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 53 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Felix, F., Ferguson, J., Guedel, H. U., Ludi, A.: ibid. 102, 4096 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Krol, D. M., Blasse, G.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 77, 253 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Yersin, H., Gallhuber, E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 6582 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Dallinger, R. F., Woodruff, W. H.: ibid. 101, 4391 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Angel, S. M., DeArmond, M. K., Donohoe, R. J., Hanck, K. W., Wertz, D. W.: ibid. 106, 3688 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Caspar, J. V., Westmoreland, T. D., Allen, G. H., Bradley, P. G., Meyer, T. J., Woodruff, W. H.: ibid. 106, 3492 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Krausz, E.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 116, 501 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Ferguson, J., Herren, F.: ibid. 89, 371 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Ferguson, J., Krausz, E. R.: ibid. 93, 21 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Ferguson, J., Krausz, E. R., Maeder, M.: J. Phys. Chem. 89, 1852 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Ferguson, J., Herren, F., Krausz, E. R., Maeder, M., Vrbancich, J.: Coord. Chem. Rev. 64, 21 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Gafni, A., Steinberg, I. Z.: Isr. J. Chem. 15, 102 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Mandal, K., Demas, J. N.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 84, 410 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Mandal, K., Pearson, T. D. L., Demas, J. N.: J. Chem. Phys. 73, 2507 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Kirk, A. D., Hoggard, P. E., Porter, G. B., Rockley, M. G., Windsor, M. W.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 37, 199 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Kober, E. M., Meyer, T. J.: Inorg. Chem. 21, 3967 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Kober, E. M., Meyer, T. J.: ibid. 23, 3877 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Kober, E. M., Sullivan, B. P., Meyer, T. J.: ibid. 23, 2098 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Demas, J. N., Adamson, A. W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95, 5159 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Van Houten, J., Watts, R. J.: ibid. 98, 4853 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  175. Van Houten, J., Watts, R. J.: Inorg. Chem. 17, 3381 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  176. Allsopp, S. R., Cox, A., Kemp, T. J., Reed, W. J.: J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 74, 1275 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Gleria, M., Minto, F., Beggiato, G., Bortolus, P.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 285 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  178. Porter, G. B., Sparks, R. H.: J. Photochem. 13, 123 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Durham, B., Caspar, J. V., Nagle, J. K., Meyer, T. J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 4803 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Henderson, L. J., Jr., Fronczek, F. R., Cherry, W. R.: ibid. 106, 5876 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Reveco, P., Schmehl, R. H., Cherry, W. R., Fronczek, F. R., Selbin, J.: Inorg. Chem. 24, 4078 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Allen, G. H., White, R. P., Rillema, D. P., Meyer, T. J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 2613 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Caspar, J. V., Kober, E. M., Sullivan, B. P., Meyer, T. J.: ibid. 104, 630 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Caspar, J. V., Meyer, T. J.: J. Phys. Chem. 87, 952 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Caspar, J. V., Meyer, T. J.: Inorg. Chem. 22, 2444 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Kober, E. M., Meyer, T. J.: ibid. 24, 106 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Calvert, J. G., Pitts, J. N.: Photochemistry; John Wiley: New York, 1966; p. 174

    Google Scholar 

  188. Demas, J. N., Crosby, G. A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 2841 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  189. Watts, R. J., Crosby, G. A.: ibid. 93, 3184 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  190. Cook, M. J., Lewis, A. P., McAuliffe, G. S. G., Skarda, V., Thomson, A. J., Glasper, J. L., Robbins, D. J.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1303 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  191. Stone, M. L., Crosby, G. A.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 79, 169 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Nakamaru, K., Nishio, K., Nobe, H.: Sci, Rep. Hirosaki Univ. 26, 57 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Bolletta, F., Juris, A., Maestri, M., Sandrini, D.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 44, L175 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Van Houten, J., Watts, R. J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 3843 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  195. Caspar, J. V., Sullivan, B. P., Kober, E. M., Meyer, T. J.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 91, 91 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Caspar, J. V., Meyer, T. J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 5583 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Bolletta, F., Maestri, M., Moggi, L., Balzani, V.: J. Phys. Chem. 78, 1374 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Vining, W. J., Caspar, J. V., Meyer, T. J.: ibid. 89, 1095 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Yersin, H., Hensler, G., Gallhuber, E., Rettig, W., Schwan, L. O.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 105, 201 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Kurimum, Y., Yokota, H., Shigehara, K., Tsuchida, E.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 55, 55 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  201. Nakamaru, K.: ibid. 55, 1639 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Gutmann, V.: Electrochim. Acta 21, 661 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Kawanishi, Y., Kitamura, N., Kim, Y., Tazuke, S.: Sci. Pap. Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. (Jpn.) 78, 212 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Belser, P., von Zelewsky, A., Juris, A., Barigelletti, F., Balzani, V.: Gazz. Chim. Ital. 115, 723 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Wolfgang, S., Gafney, H. D.: J. Phys. Chem. 87, 5395 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Wei, S., Gafney, H. D., Clark, J. B., Perettie, D. J.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 99, 253 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. DeWilde, W., Peeters, G., Lunsford, J. H.: J. Phys. Chem. 84, 2306 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Demas, J. N., Addington, J. W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 5800 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Haga, M.-A., Kanai, H., Tanaka, T.: Bull. Fac. Ed., Mie Univ. 34, 59 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  210. Root, M. J., Deutsch, E., Sullivan, J. C., Meisel, D.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 101, 353 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Mingardi, M., Porter, G. B.: Spectrosc. Lett. 1, 293 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Zuloaga, F., Jauregui, G.: Rev. Latinoamer. Quim. 2, 97 (1971); Chem. Abstr. 76, 52290 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Vogler, A., Kunkely, H.: Inorg. Chim. Acta Lett. 53, L215 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Crosby, G. A., Hager, G. D., Hipps, K. W., Stone, M. L.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 28, 497 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Wrighton, M. S., Pdungsap, L., Morse, D. L.: J. Phys. Chem. 79, 66 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Klassen, D. M., Crosby, G. A.: J. Mol. Spectrosc. 25, 398 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Arnold, G. S., Klotz, W. L., Halper, W., DeArmond, M. K.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 19, 546 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Antipas, A., Buchler, J. W., Gouterman, M., Smith, P. D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 3015 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Rillema, D. P., Nagle, J. K., Barringer, L. F., Jr., Meyer, T. J.: ibid. 103, 56 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Demas, J. N., Crosby, G. A.: J. Phys. Chem. 75, 991 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  221. Elfring, W. H., Jr., Crosby, G. A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 2683 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Basu, A., Weiner, M. A., Strekas, T. C., Gafney, H. D.: Inorg. Chem. 21, 1085 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Juris, A., Barigelletti, F., Balzani, V., Belser, P., von Zelewsky, A.: Isr. J. Chem. 22, 87 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  224. Baggott, J. E., Gregory, G. K., Pilling, M. J., Anderson, S., Seddon, K. R., Turp, J. E.: J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2, 79, 195 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Ford, W. E., Calvin, M.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 76, 105 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Ferguson, J., Mau, A. W.-H., Sasse, W. H. F.: ibid. 68, 21 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Johansen, O., Kowala, C., Mau, A. W.-H., Sasse, W. H. F.: Aust. J. Chem. 32, 2395 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Demas, J. N., Addington, J. W., Peterson, S. H., Harris, E. W.: J. Phys. Chem. 81, 1039 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Bartocci, C., Bignozzi, C. A., Scandola, F., Rumin, R., Courtot, P.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 76, L119 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Peterson, S. H., Demas, J. N.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 7880 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Peterson, S. H., Demas, J. N.: ibid. 101, 6571 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Kinnaird, M. G., Whitten, D. G.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 88, 275 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Bignozzi, C. A., Scandola, F.: Inorg. Chem. 23, 1540 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Bignozzi, C. A., Scandola, F.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 86, 133 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Shriver, D. F., Posner, J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88, 1672 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Dose, E. V., Wilson, L. J.: Inorg. Chem. 17, 2660 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Wacholtz, W. M., Auerbach, R. A., Schmehl, R. H., Ollino, M., Cherry, W. R.: ibid. 24, 1758 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Zarnegar, P. P., Bock, C. R., Whitten, D. G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95, 4367 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Balzani, V., Juris, A., Barigelletti, F., Belser, P., von Zelewsky, A.: Sci. Pap. Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. (Jpn.) 78, 78 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. Haga, M.-A.: Inorg. Chim. Acta 75, 29 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Crutchley, R. J., Lever, A. B. P.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 7128 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. Crutchley, R. J., Kress, N., Lever, A. B. P.: ibid. 105, 1170 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Haga, M.-A., Dodsworth, E. S., Eryavec, G., Seymour, P., Lever, A. B. P.: Inorg. Chem. 24, 1901 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Wolfgang, S., Strekas, T. C., Gafney, H. D., Krause, R. A., Krause, K.: ibid. 23, 2650 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Braunstein, C. H., Baker, A. D., Strekas, T. C., Gafney, H. D.: ibid. 23, 857 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Krause, R. A., Krause, K.: Work in progress

    Google Scholar 

  247. Krug, W. P., Demas, J. N.: presented at the 178th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., Sept. 1979. INOR 99

    Google Scholar 

  248. Belser, P., von Zelewsky, A., Juris, A., Barigelletti, F., Balzani, V.: Gazz. Chim. Ital. 113, 731 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Juris, A., Balzani, V., Belser, P., von Zelewsky, A.: Helv. Chim. Acta 64, 2175 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Barigelletti, F., Juris, A., Balzani, V., Belser, P., von Zelewsky, A.: Inorg. Chem. 22, 3335 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. Belser, P., von Zelewsky, A., Juris, A., Barigelletti, F., Tucci, A., Balzani, V.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 89, 101 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Juris, A., Barigelletti, F., Balzani, V., Belser, P., von Zelewsky, A.: Inorg. Chem. 24, 202 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Young, R. C., Nagle, J. K., Meyer, T. J., Whitten, D. G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 4773 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Harrigan, R. W., Hager, G. D., Crosby, G. A.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 21, 487 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Agnew, S. F., Stone, M. L., Crosby, G. A.: ibid. 85, 57 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Wickramasinghe, W. A., Bird, P. H., Jamieson, M. A., Serpone, N.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 798 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  257. Lytle, F. E., Petrosky, L. M., Carlson, L. R.: Anal. Chim. Acta 57, 239 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. Kirchhoff, J. R., McMillin, D. R., Marnot, P. A., Sauvage, J.-P.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 1138 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Harriman, A.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 777 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  260. Lytle, F. E., Hercules, D. M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91, 253 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. Mandal, K., Pearson, T. D. L., Demas, J. N.: Inorg. Chem. 20, 786 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Johansen, O., Kowala, C., Mau, A. W.-H., Sasse, W. H. F.: Aust. J. Chem. 32, 1453 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. DeLaive, P. J., Lee, J. T., Sprintschnik, H. W., Abruna, H., Meyer, T. J., Whitten, D. G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 7094 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Belser, P., von Zelewsky, A., Zehnder, M.: Inorg. Chem. 20, 3098 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Shimidzu, T., Izaki, K., Akai, Y., Iyoda, T.: Polym. J. (Tokyo) 13, 889 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Calvert, J. M., Caspar, J. V., Binstead, R. A., Westmoreland, T. D., Meyer, T. J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 6620 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. Rillema, D. P., Callahan, R. W., Mack, K. B.: Inorg. Chem. 21, 2589 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. Demas, J. N., Harris, E. W., McBride, R. P.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 3547 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. Lay, P. A., Sasse, W. H. F.: Inorg. Chem. 23, 4123 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. Kelly, J. M., Long, C., O'Connell, C. M., Vos, J. G., Tinnemans, A. H. A.: ibid. 22, 2818 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Crosby, G. A., Perkins, W. G., Klassen, D. M.: J. Chem. Phys. 43, 1498 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Watts, R. J., Crosby, G. A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 2606 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Hauenstein, B. L., Jr., Dressick, W. J., Buell, S. L., Demas, J. N., DeGraff, B. A.: ibid. 105, 4251 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Wallace, W. L., Bard, A. J.: J. Phys. Chem. 83, 1350 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 06268, Storrs, CT, USA

    Ronald A. Krause

Authors
  1. Ronald A. Krause
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer-Verlag

About this paper

Cite this paper

Krause, R.A. (1987). Synthesis of ruthenium(II) complexes of aromatic chelating heterocycles: Towards the design of luminescent compounds. In: Coordination Compounds: Synthesis and Medical Application. Structure and Bonding, vol 67. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-17881-3_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-17881-3_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-17881-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47897-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation