SpringerLink
Log in

Primary Lung Cancer

  • Chapter
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

Abstract

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), also called stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), has emerged as a promising treatment for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly for patients who are unable to tolerate surgical resection, and possibly as an alternative to surgery for some appropriately selected patients. Data from numerous retrospective studies and clinical trials have demonstrated that SABR/SBRT is a safe and effective treatment, with results rivaling those of surgical resection, for early stage NSCLC. This chapter will discuss technical aspects, clinical applications and outcomes, and toxicities of SABR/SBRT for NSCLC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ambrogi MC, Lucchi M, Dini P, Melfi F, Fontanini G, Faviana P, Fanucchi O, Mussi A (2006) Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lung tumours: results in the mid-term. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 30(1):177–183. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.03.067

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ambrose JA, Barua RS (2004) The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(10):1731–1737. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.047

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auberger T, Seydl K, Futschek T, Sztankay A, Sweeney RA, Lukas P (2007) Photons or protons: precision radiotherapy of lung cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 183 Spec No 2:3–6. doi:10.1007/s00066-007-2002-9

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumann P, Nyman J, Lax I, Friesland S, Hoyer M, Rehn Ericsson S, Johansson KA, Ekberg L, Morhed E, Paludan M, Wittgren L, Blomgren H, Lewensohn R (2006) Factors important for efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy of medically inoperable stage I lung cancer. A retrospective analysis of patients treated in the Nordic countries. Acta Oncol 45(7):787–795. doi:10.1080/02841860600904862

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brock MV, Hooker CM, Ota-Machida E, Han Y, Guo M, Ames S, Glockner S, Piantadosi S, Gabrielson E, Pridham G, Pelosky K, Belinsky SA, Yang SC, Baylin SB, Herman JG (2008) DNA methylation markers and early recurrence in stage I lung cancer. N Engl J Med 358(11):1118–1128. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0706550

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brock J, Bedford J, Partridge M, McDonald F, Ashley S, McNair HA, Brada M (2011) Optimising Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Volumetric Intensity-modulated Arc Therapy-A Planning Study. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). doi:10.1016/j.clon.2011.02.003

  • Brown WT, Wu X, Fayad F, Fowler JF, Garcia S, Monterroso MI, de la Zerda A, Schwade JG (2009) Application of robotic stereotactic radiotherapy to peripheral stage I non-small cell lung cancer with curative intent. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 21(8):623–631. doi:10.1016/j.clon.2009.06.006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bush DA, Slater JD, Shin BB, Cheek G, Miller DW, Slater JM (2004) Hypofractionated proton beam radiotherapy for stage I lung cancer. Chest 126(4):1198–1203. doi:10.1378/chest.126.4.1198

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chamogeorgakis TP, Connery CP, Bhora F, Nabong A, Toumpoulis IK (2007) Thoracoscore predicts midterm mortality in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 134(4):883–887. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.06.020

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chamogeorgakis T, Toumpoulis I, Tomos P, Ieromonachos C, Angouras D, Georgiannakis E, Michail P, Rokkas C (2009) External validation of the modified Thoracoscore in a new thoracic surgery program: prediction of in-hospital mortality. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 9(3):463–466. doi:10.1510/icvts.2008.201178

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang JY, Roth JA (2007) Stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Surg Clin 17(2):251–259. doi:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2007.03.011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang DT, Olivier KR, Morris CG, Liu C, Dempsey JF, Benda RK, Palta JR (2006a) The impact of heterogeneity correction on dosimetric parameters that predict for radiation pneumonitis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 65(1):125–131. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.09.047

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang JY, Zhang X, Wang X, Kang Y, Riley B, Bilton S, Mohan R, Komaki R, Cox JD (2006b) Significant reduction of normal tissue dose by proton radiotherapy compared with three-dimensional conformal or intensity-modulated radiation therapy in Stage I or Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 65(4):1087–1096. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.01.052

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang JY, Balter PA, Dong L, Yang Q, Liao Z, Jeter M, Bucci MK, McAleer MF, Mehran RJ, Roth JA, Komaki R (2008a) Stereotactic body radiation therapy in centrally and superiorly located stage I or isolated recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 72(4):967–971. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.08.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang JY, Dong L, Liu H, Starkschall G, Balter P, Mohan R, Liao Z, Cox JD, Komaki R (2008b) Image-guided radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 3(2):177–186. doi:10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181622bdd

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang JY, Liu H, Zhang X, al. E (2011a) Four-dimensional CT and on-board volumetric image-guided stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for stage I NSCLC. Int J Rad Onc Bio Phy (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang JY, Komaki R, Wen HY, De Gracia B, Bluett JB, McAleer MF, Swisher SG, Gillin M, Mohan R, Cox JD (2011b) Toxicity and patterns of failure of adaptive/ablative proton therapy for early-stage, medically inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.04.049

  • Chen HY, Yu SL, Chen CH, Chang GC, Chen CY, Yuan A, Cheng CL, Wang CH, Terng HJ, Kao SF, Chan WK, Li HN, Liu CC, Singh S, Chen WJ, Chen JJ, Yang PC (2007) A five-gene signature and clinical outcome in non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 356(1):11–20. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa060096

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crabtree TD, Denlinger CE, Meyers BF, El Naqa I, Zoole J, Krupnick AS, Kreisel D, Patterson GA, Bradley JD (2010) Stereotactic body radiation therapy versus surgical resection for stage I non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 140(2):377–386. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.12.054

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Das M, Abdelmaksoud MH, Loo BW Jr, Kothary N (2010) Alternatives to surgery for early stage non-small cell lung cancer-ready for prime time? Curr Treat Options Oncol 11(1–2):24–35. doi:10.1007/s11864-010-0119-z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devereux G (2006) ABC of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Definition, epidemiology, and risk factors. BMJ 332(7550):1142–1144. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7550.1142

    Google Scholar 

  • Dosoretz DE, Galmarini D, Rubenstein JH, Katin MJ, Blitzer PH, Salenius SA, Dosani RA, Rashid M, Mestas G, Hannan SE et al (1993) Local control in medically inoperable lung cancer: an analysis of its importance in outcome and factors determining the probability of tumor eradication. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 27(3):507–516. doi:10.1016/0360-3016(93)90373-4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap NE, Cai J, Biedermann GB, Yang W, Benedict SH, Sheng K, Schefter TE, Kavanagh BD, Larner JM (2009) Chest wall volume receiving >30 Gy predicts risk of severe pain and/or rib fracture after lung stereotactic body radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76(3):796–801. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.02.027

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ezhil M, Vedam S, Balter P, Choi B, Mirkovic D, Starkschall G, Chang JY (2009) Determination of patient-specific internal gross tumor volumes for lung cancer using four-dimensional computed tomography. Radiat Oncol 4:4. doi:10.1186/1748-717X-4-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fakiris AJ, McGarry RC, Yiannoutsos CT, Papiez L, Williams M, Henderson MA, Timmerman R (2009) Stereotactic body radiation therapy for early-stage non-small-cell lung carcinoma: four-year results of a prospective phase II study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 75(3):677–682. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.11.042

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falcoz PE, Conti M, Brouchet L, Chocron S, Puyraveau M, Mercier M, Etievent JP, Dahan M (2007) The Thoracic Surgery Scoring System (Thoracoscore): risk model for in-hospital death in 15,183 patients requiring thoracic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 133(2):325–332. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.020

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forquer JA, Fakiris AJ, Timmerman RD, Lo SS, Perkins SM, McGarry RC, Johnstone PA (2009) Brachial plexopathy from stereotactic body radiotherapy in early-stage NSCLC: dose-limiting toxicity in apical tumor sites. Radiother Oncol 93(3):408–413. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2009.04.018

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frank SJ, Forster KM, Stevens CW, Cox JD, Komaki R, Liao Z, Tucker S, Wang X, Steadham RE, Brooks C, Starkschall G (2003) Treatment planning for lung cancer: traditional homogeneous point-dose prescription compared with heterogeneity-corrected dose-volume prescription. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 56(5):1308–1318. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(03)00337-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ginsberg R, Rubinstein L (1995) Randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for T1 N0 non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Study Group. Ann Thorac Surg 60:615–622. doi:10.1016/0003-4975(95)00537-U

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg SN, Hahn PF, Tanabe KK, Mueller PR, Schima W, Athanasoulis CA, Compton CC, Solbiati L, Gazelle GS (1998) Percutaneous radiofrequency tissue ablation: does perfusion-mediated tissue cooling limit coagulation necrosis? J Vasc Interv Radiol 9(1 Pt 1):101–111. doi:10.1016/S1051-0443(98)70491-9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez FM, Palussiere J, Santos E, Tourdias T, Cornelis F, Saiz V, Montes H, Eker O (2009) Radiofrequency thermocoagulation of lung tumours. Where we are, where we are headed. Clin Transl Oncol 11(1):28–34. doi:10.1007/s12094-009-0307-0

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grills IS, Mangona VS, Welsh R, Chmielewski G, McInerney E, Martin S, Wloch J, Ye H, Kestin LL (2011) Outcomes after stereotactic lung radiotherapy or wedge resection for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 28(6):928–935. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.25.0928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grines CL, Bonow RO, Casey DE Jr, Gardner TJ, Lockhart PB, Moliterno DJ, O’Gara P, Whitlow P (2007) Prevention of premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery stents: a science advisory from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, American College of Surgeons, and American Dental Association, with representation from the American College of Physicians. J Am Coll Cardiol 49(6):734–739. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.01.003

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hara R, Itami J, Kondo T, Aruga T, Uno T, Sasano N, Ohnishi K, Kiyozuka M, Fuse M, Ito M, Naoi K, Kohno Y (2006) Clinical outcomes of single-fraction stereotactic radiation therapy of lung tumors. Cancer 106(6):1347–1352. doi:10.1002/cncr.21747

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hata M, Tokuuye K, Kagei K, Sugahara S, Nakayama H, Fukumitsu N, Hashimoto T, Mizumoto M, Ohara K, Akine Y (2007) Hypofractionated high-dose proton beam therapy for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: preliminary results of a phase I/II clinical study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 68(3):786–793. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.12.063

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson MA, Hoopes DJ, Fletcher JW, Lin PF, Tann M, Yiannoutsos CT, Williams MD, Fakiris AJ, McGarry RC, Timmerman RD (2009) A pilot trial of serial 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with medically inoperable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer treated with hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76(3):789–795. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.02.051

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiraki T, Gobara H, Iishi T, Sano Y, Iguchi T, Fujiwara H, Tajiri N, Sakurai J, Date H, Mimura H, Kanazawa S (2007) Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer: results in 20 nonsurgical candidates. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 134(5):1306–1312. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.07.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holt A, van Vliet-Vroegindeweij C, Mans A, Belderbos JS, Damen EM (2011) Volumetric-modulated arc therapy for stereotactic body radiotherapy of lung tumors: a comparison with intensity-modulated radiotherapy techniques. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.09.014

  • Iakovou I, Schmidt T, Bonizzoni E, Ge L, Sangiorgi GM, Stankovic G, Airoldi F, Chieffo A, Montorfano M, Carlino M, Michev I, Corvaja N, Briguori C, Gerckens U, Grube E, Colombo A (2005) Incidence, predictors, and outcome of thrombosis after successful implantation of drug-eluting stents. JAMA 293(17):2126–2130. doi:10.1001/jama.293.17.2126

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jemal A, Thun MJ, Ries LA, Howe HL, Weir HK, Center MM, Ward E, Wu XC, Eheman C, Anderson R, Ajani UA, Kohler B, Edwards BK (2008) Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2005, featuring trends in lung cancer, tobacco use, and tobacco control. J Natl Cancer Inst 100(23):1672–1694. doi:10.1093/jnci/djn389

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joyner M, Salter BJ, Papanikolaou N, Fuss M (2006) Stereotactic body radiation therapy for centrally located lung lesions. Acta Oncol 45(7):802–807. doi:10.1080/02841860600915322

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaluza GL, Joseph J, Lee JR, Raizner ME, Raizner AE (2000) Catastrophic outcomes of noncardiac surgery soon after coronary stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 35(5):1288–1294. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00521-0

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaskowitz L, Graham MV, Emami B, Halverson KJ, Rush C (1993) Radiation therapy alone for stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 27(3):517–523. doi:10.1016/0360-3016(93)90374-5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly P, Balter PA, Rebueno N, Sharp HJ, Liao Z, Komaki R, Chang JY (2010) Stereotactic body radiation therapy for patients with lung cancer previously treated with thoracic radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78(5):1387–1393. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.09.070

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lagerwaard FJ, Haasbeek CJ, Smit EF, Slotman BJ, Senan S (2008) Outcomes of risk-adapted fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70(3):685–692. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.10.053

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lencioni R, Crocetti L, Cioni R, Suh R, Glenn D, Regge D, Helmberger T, Gillams AR, Frilling A, Ambrogi M, Bartolozzi C, Mussi A (2008) Response to radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumours: a prospective, intention-to-treat, multicentre clinical trial (the RAPTURE study). Lancet Oncol 9(7):621–628. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70155-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Chang J, Liu W, Quan E, Balter P, Zhang X (2011) Significant improvement of plan quality, delivery efficiency and plan consistency by VMAT combined with automated inverse planning algorithm for stereotactic body radiation therapy in centrally/superiorly located stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. Med Phys 38:3866

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim do H, Yi BY, Mirmiran A, Dhople A, Suntharalingam M, D’Souza WD (2009) Optimal beam arrangement for stereotactic body radiation therapy delivery in lung tumors. Acta Oncol 49(2):219–224. doi:10.3109/02841860903302897

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Choi B, Zhang J, Tutt T, Chi M, Wang C, Luo D, Prado K, Mohan R, Dong L, Balter P (2005) Assessing respiration-induced tumor motion and margin of internal target volume for image-guided radiotherapy of lung cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63 (suppl 1):S30–S30. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.058

  • Liu H, Vinogradskiy YY, Komaki R, Martel M, Tucker S, Chang JY (2011) Predicting radiation pneumonitis after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in patients with previous conventional thoracic radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81(suppl 2):S82

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsuo Y, Nakamoto Y, Nagata Y, Shibuya K, Takayama K, Norihisa Y, Narabayashi M, Mizowaki T, Saga T, Higashi T, Togashi K, Hiraoka M (2010) Characterization of FDG-PET images after stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 97(2):200–204. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2010.04.011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagata Y, Negoro Y, Aoki T, Mizowaki T, Takayama K, Kokubo M, Araki N, Mitsumori M, Sasai K, Shibamoto Y, Koga S, Yano S, Hiraoka M (2002) Clinical outcomes of 3D conformal hypofractionated single high-dose radiotherapy for one or two lung tumors using a stereotactic body frame. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 52(4):1041–1046

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagata Y, Takayama K, Matsuo Y, Norihisa Y, Mizowaki T, Sakamoto T, Sakamoto M, Mitsumori M, Shibuya K, Araki N, Yano S, Hiraoka M (2005) Clinical outcomes of a phase I/II study of 48 Gy of stereotactic body radiotherapy in 4 fractions for primary lung cancer using a stereotactic body frame. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63(5):1427–1431. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.05.034

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagata Y, Hiraoka M, Mizowaki T, Narita Y, Matsuo Y, Norihisa Y, Onishi H, Shirato H (2009) Survey of stereotactic body radiation therapy in Japan by the Japan 3-D Conformal External Beam Radiotherapy Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 75(2):343–347. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.02.087

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagata Y, Hiraoka M, Shibata T, Onishi H (2010) A phase II trial of Stereotactic body radiation therapy for operable TIN0M0 non-small cell lung cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG0403). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78:S27. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagata Y, Wulf J, Lax I, Timmerman R, Zimmermann F, Stojkovski I, Jeremic B (2011) Stereotactic radiotherapy of primary lung cancer and other targets: results of consultant meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 79(3):660–669. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.10.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NCI (2011) National Cancer Institutes. Cancer of the lung and bronchus—SEER stat fact sheet; http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html Accessed 1 June 2011

  • Nehmeh S, Erdi Y, Pan T, Pevsner A, Rosenzweig K, Yorke E, Mageras G, Schoder H, Vernon P, Squire O, Mostafavi H, Larson S, Humm J (2004) Four-dimensional (4D) PET/CT imaging of the thorax. Med Phys 31:3179–3186. doi:10.1118/1.1809778

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neri S, Takahashi Y, Terashi T, Hamakawa H, Tomii K, Katakami N, Kokubo M (2010) Surgical treatment of local recurrence after stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary and metastatic lung cancers. J Thorac Oncol 5:2003–2007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nihei K, Ogino T, Ishikura S, Nishimura H (2006) High-dose proton beam therapy for Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 65(1):107–111. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.10.031

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ong C, Verbakel WF, Cuijpers JP, Slotman BJ, Senan S (2011) Dosimetric impact of interplay effect on RapidArc lung stereotactic treatment delivery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 79(1):305–311. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.02.059

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Onishi H, Araki T, Shirato H, Nagata Y, Hiraoka M, Gomi K, Yamashita T, Niibe Y, Karasawa K, Hayakawa K, Takai Y, Kimura T, Hirokawa Y, Takeda A, Ouchi A, Hareyama M, Kokubo M, Hara R, Itami J, Yamada K (2004) Stereotactic hypofractionated high-dose irradiation for stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: clinical outcomes in 245 subjects in a Japanese multiinstitutional study. Cancer 101(7):1623–1631

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Onishi H, Shirato H, Nagata Y, Hiraoka M, Fu**o M, Gomi K, Niibe Y, Karasawa K, Hayakawa K, Takai Y, Kimura T, Takeda A, Ouchi A, Hareyama M, Kokubo M, Hara R, Itami J, Yamada K, Araki T (2007) Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HypoFXSRT) for stage I non-small cell lung cancer: updated results of 257 patients in a Japanese multi-institutional study. J Thorac Oncol 2(7 Suppl 3):S94–S100. doi:10.1097/JTO.0b013e318074de34

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Onishi H, Shirato H, Nagata Y, Hiraoka M, Fu**o M, Gomi K, Karasawa K, Hayakawa K, Niibe Y, Takai Y, Kimura T, Takeda A, Ouchi A, Hareyama M, Kokubo M, Kozuka T, Arimoto T, Hara R, Itami J, Araki T (2011) Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for operable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: can SBRT be comparable to surgery? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81(5):1352–1358. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1751

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paganetti H, Niemierko A, Ancukiewicz M, Gerweck LE, Goitein M, Loeffler JS, Suit HD (2002) Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values for proton beam therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53(2):407–421. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(02)02754-2

    Google Scholar 

  • Palma D, Visser O, Lagerwaard FJ, Belderbos J, Slotman BJ, Senan S (2010) Impact of introducing stereotactic lung radiotherapy for elderly patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: a population-based time-trend analysis. J Clin Oncol 28(35):5153–5159. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.30.0731

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pell JP, Haw S, Cobbe S, Newby DE, Pell AC, Fischbacher C, McConnachie A, Pringle S, Murdoch D, Dunn F, Oldroyd K, Macintyre P, O’Rourke B, Borland W (2008) Smoke-free legislation and hospitalizations for acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 359(5):482–491. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa0706740

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pennathur A, Luketich JD, Abbas G, Chen M, Fernando HC, Gooding WE, Schuchert MJ, Gilbert S, Christie NA, Landreneau RJ (2007) Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of stage I non-small cell lung cancer in high-risk patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 134(4):857–864. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.04.060

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radiofrequency ablation in treating patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (ACOSOG Z4033): <http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT00109876>. Accessed 1 June 2011

  • Ramsey C, Scaperoth D, Arwood D, Oliver A (1999) Clinical efficacy of respiratory gated conformal radiation therapy. Med Dosim 24(2):115–119. doi:10.1016/S0958-3947(99)00006-0

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Register SP, Zhang X, Mohan R, Chang JY (2011) Proton stereotactic body radiation therapy for clinically challenging cases of centrally and superiorly located stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 80(4):1015–1022. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.03.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ricardi U, Filippi AR, Guarneri A, Giglioli FR, Ciammella P, Franco P, Mantovani C, Borasio P, Scagliotti GV, Ragona R (2009) Stereotactic body radiation therapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer: results of a prospective trial. Lung Cancer 68(1):72–77. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.05.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig K, Hanley J, Mah D, Mageras G, Hunt M, Toner S, Burman C, Ling C, Mychalczak B, Fuks Z, Leibel S (2000) The deep inspiration breath-hold technique in the treatment of inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48(1):81–87. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(00)00583-6

    Google Scholar 

  • Rusthoven KE, Kavanagh BD, Burri SH, Chen C, Cardenes H, Chidel MA, Pugh TJ, Kane M, Gaspar LE, Schefter TE (2009) Multi-institutional phase I/II trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung metastases. J Clin Oncol 27(10):1579–1584. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.19.6386

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seike M, Yanaihara N, Bowman ED, Zanetti KA, Budhu A, Kumamoto K, Mechanic LE, Matsumoto S, Yokota J, Shibata T, Sugimura H, Gemma A, Kudoh S, Wang XW, Harris CC (2007) Use of a cytokine gene expression signature in lung adenocarcinoma and the surrounding tissue as a prognostic classifier. J Natl Cancer Inst 99(16):1257–1269. doi:10.1093/jnci/djm083

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senan S, Palm D, Lagerwaard F (2011a) Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for stage I NSCLC: recent advances and controversies. J Thorac Dis 3(3):189–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Senan S, Verstegen N, Haasbeek C, Slotman B, Lagerwaard FJ (2011b) Outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer who are fit to undergo surgery. J Clin Oncol 29:suppl abst 7051

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma AK, Ajani AE, Hamwi SM, Maniar P, Lakhani SV, Waksman R, Lindsay J (2004) Major noncardiac surgery following coronary stenting: when is it safe to operate? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 63(2):141–145. doi:10.1002/ccd.20124

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simon CJ, Dupuy DE, DiPetrillo TA, Safran HP, Grieco CA, Ng T, Mayo-Smith WW (2007) Pulmonary radiofrequency ablation: long-term safety and efficacy in 153 patients. Radiology 243(1):268–275. doi:10.1148/radiol.2431060088

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stauder MC, Macdonald OK, Olivier KR, Call JA, Lafata K, Mayo CS, Miller RC, Brown PD, Bauer HJ, Garces YI (2011) Early pulmonary toxicity following lung stereotactic body radiation therapy delivered in consecutive daily fractions. Radiother Oncol. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2011.04.002

  • Swanson SJ, Herndon JE 2nd, D’Amico TA, Demmy TL, McKenna RJ Jr, Green MR, Sugarbaker DJ (2007) Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy: report of CALGB 39802–a prospective, multi-institution feasibility study. J Clin Oncol 25(31):4993–4997. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.12.6649

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor AE, Johnson DC, Kazemi H (1992) Environmental tobacco smoke and cardiovascular disease. A position paper from the Council on Cardiopulmonary and Critical Care, American Heart Association. Circulation 86(2):699–702

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timmerman R, Galvin J, Michalski J, Straube W, Ibbott G, Martin E, Abdulrahman R, Swann S, Fowler J, Choy H (2006a) Accreditation and quality assurance for Radiation Therapy Oncology Group: Multicenter clinical trials using Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in lung cancer. Acta Oncol 45(7):779–786. doi:10.1080/02841860600902213

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Timmerman R, McGarry R, Yiannoutsos C, Papiez L, Tudor K, DeLuca J, Ewing M, Abdulrahman R, DesRosiers C, Williams M, Fletcher J (2006b) Excessive toxicity when treating central tumors in a phase II study of stereotactic body radiation therapy for medically inoperable early-stage lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 24(30):4833–4839. doi:10.1200/jco.2006.07.5937

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Timmerman R, Paulus R, Galvin J, Michalski J, Straube W, Bradley J, Fakiris A, Bezjak A, Videtic G, Johnstone D, Fowler J, Gore E, Choy H (2010) Stereotactic body radiation therapy for inoperable early stage lung cancer. JAMA 303(11):1070–1076. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.261

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsao MS, Aviel-Ronen S, Ding K, Lau D, Liu N, Sakurada A, Whitehead M, Zhu CQ, Livingston R, Johnson DH, Rigas J, Seymour L, Winton T, Shepherd FA (2007) Prognostic and predictive importance of p53 and RAS for adjuvant chemotherapy in non small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 25(33):5240–5247. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.12.6953

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uematsu M, Shioda A, Suda A, Fukui T, Ozeki Y, Hama Y, Wong J, Kusano S (2001) Computed tomography-guided frameless stereotactic radiotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer: a 5-year experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 51(3):666–670. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01703-5

    Google Scholar 

  • Verstegen NE, Lagerwaard FJ, Haasbeek CJ, Slotman BJ, Senan S (2011) Outcomes of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy following a clinical diagnosis of stage I NSCLC: comparison with a contemporaneous cohort with pathologically proven disease. Radiother Oncol 101(2):250–254. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2011.09.017

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Voroney JP, Hope A, Dahele MR, Purdie TG, Franks KN, Pearson S, Cho JB, Sun A, Payne DG, Bissonnette JP, Bezjak A, Brade AM (2009) Chest wall pain and rib fracture after stereotactic radiotherapy for peripheral non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 4(8):1035–1037. doi:10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181ae2962

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh J, Thomas J, Shah D, Allen PK, Wei X, Mitchell K, Gao S, Balter P, Komaki R, Chang JY (2010) Obesity increases the risk of chest wall pain from thoracic stereotactic body radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.04.022

  • Wisnivesky JP, Bonomi M, Henschke C, Iannuzzi M, McGinn T (2005) Radiation therapy for the treatment of unresected stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer. Chest 128(3):1461–1467. doi:10.1378/chest.128.3.1461

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • **a T, Li H, Sun Q, Wang Y, Fan N, Yu Y, Li P, Chang J (2006) Promising clinical outcome of stereotactic body radiation therapy for patients with inoperable Stage I/II non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 66:117–125. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.04.013

    Google Scholar 

  • **ao Y, Papiez L, Paulus R, Timmerman R, Straube WL, Bosch WR, Michalski J, Galvin JM (2009) Dosimetric evaluation of heterogeneity corrections for RTOG 0236: stereotactic body radiotherapy of inoperable stage I-II non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73(4):1235–1242. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.11.019

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young RP, Hopkins RJ, Christmas T, Black PN, Metcalf P, Gamble GD (2009) COPD prevalence is increased in lung cancer, independent of age, sex and smoking history. Eur Respir J 34(2):380–386. doi:10.1183/09031936.00144208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Li Y, Pan X, **aoqiang L, Mohan R, Komaki R, Cox JD, Chang JY (2009) Intensity-modulated proton therapy reduces the dose to normal tissue compared with intensity-modulated radiation therapy or passive scattering proton therapy and enables individualized radical radiotherapy for extensive stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: a virtual clinical study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 77(2):357–366. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.04.028

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Balter P, Pan T, Allen P, Chuang H, Chang JY (2010) PET/CT and outcome in lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78(3):S16. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.080

  • Zhu JC, Yan TD, Morris DL (2008) A systematic review of radiofrequency ablation for lung tumors. Ann Surg Oncol 15(6):1765–1774. doi:10.1245/s10434-008-9848-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Eugene Koay, Joshua Y. Chang, and Peter Balter in the preparation of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA

    Joe Y. Chang & Shervin M. Shirvani

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5847, USA

    Billy W. Loo Jr.

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA

    John P. Lamond

  4. Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Ben J. Slotman

  5. Department of Radiation Oncology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan

    Yasushi Nagata

Authors
  1. Joe Y. Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shervin M. Shirvani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Billy W. Loo Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. John P. Lamond
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ben J. Slotman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yasushi Nagata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joe Y. Chang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Euclid Avenue 11100, Cleveland, 44106, Ohio, USA

    Simon S. Lo

  2. , Department of Radiation Oncology, Weil Cornell Medical College, Fannin, Ste#DB1-077 6565, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA

    Bin S. Teh

  3. Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Hospital, Lower Kent Ridge Road 5, Singapore, 119074, Singapore

    Jiade J. Lu

  4. , Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, Colorado, USA

    Tracey E. Schefter

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chang, J.Y., Shirvani, S.M., Loo, B.W., Lamond, J.P., Slotman, B.J., Nagata, Y. (2012). Primary Lung Cancer. In: Lo, S., Teh, B., Lu, J., Schefter, T. (eds) Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2012_550

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2012_550

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-25604-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-25605-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation