Resumen
La actual problemática ambiental y energética causada por el uso de combustibles fósiles ha hecho necesario valorar energías alternas como el hidrógeno. Los bioprocesos son una opción para la producción de este energético, y dentro de éstos, la fotofermentación o fotodescomposición de compuestos orgánicos de bajo peso molecular por bacterias púrpuras no sulfurosas (BPNS) destaca por su potencial de aprovechar la energía de la luz y de ácidos orgánicos durante el proceso denominado fotofermentación que produce hidrógeno mediante la enzima nitrogenasa. En la presente revisión se abordan generalidades de las BPNS, se describe el mecanismo por el que producen hidrógeno y finalmente se abordan los principales retos para lograr mayores rendimientos para producir hidrógeno en BPNS.
Abstract
The current environmental and energetic problems due the use of fossil fuels have made necessary to assess alternative energies as hydrogen. The bioprocesses are an option for the production of this biofuel and among them, the photofermentation using purple non sulphur bacteria (PNSB) highlights due the potential of PNSB to use light energy and organic acids, which produces hydrogen through nitrogenase enzyme. In this review an overview of the PNSB is discussed, the mechanism by producing hydrogen and finally addresses the main challenges to achieve higher yields to produce hydrogen by PNSB.
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1 Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental, Red de Manejo Biotecnológico de Recursos. Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351 El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, México.
2 Dipartimento di Scienze Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 24, Firenze, Toscana 50144, Italia.
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García-López, D., De Philippis, R. & Olguín, E. El potencial de las bacterias purpuras no sulfurosas (BPNS) en la producción biológica de hidrógeno. Rev Latinoam Biotecnol Ambient Algal 6, 1 (2015). https://doi.org/10.7603/s40682-015-0001-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.7603/s40682-015-0001-6