Abstract
Orientation-contingent color aftereffects (CAEs) were measured using 174 observers ran-domly allocated to one of eight experimental conditions formed by the factorial combination of three two-level factors. These were experimental design (pretest and posttest measures taken vs. posttest measures taken alone), psychophysical method (forced-choice vs. magnitude estimation), and inspection procedure (inspection of real contours vs. inspection of imagined contours). In addition to color responses, written introspective reports of the strategies used in providing color responses were obtained. As a basis for the rejection of observers using inappropriate strategies, reported strategies were coded as appropriate or inappropriate. An analysis of the color reports of all observers was performed, as well as two analyses of the color reports of only those observers identified as using appropriate response strategies. In all cases, the results showed that CAEs were reported after inspection of real contours irrespective of the experimental design or psychophysical method used. There were no significant CAEs reported in any conditions that involved the imagination of contours. A separate analysis of the relationship between observers’ response strategies, the coding of these strategies, and observers’ actual color reports revealed some problems concerning the use of such introspective techniques. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of theoretical assumptions about the nature of imagery and perception.
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Bboerse, J., &Crassini, B. (1980). The influence of imagery ability on color aftereffects produced by physically present and imagined induction stimuli.Perception & Psychophysics,28, 560–568.
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May, J. G., Agamy, G., &Matteson, H. H. (1978). The range of spatial frequency contingent color aftereffects.Vision Research,18, 917–921.
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Natsoulas, T. (1970). Concerning introspective “knowledge.”Psychological Buttetin,73, 89–111.
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Richman, C. L., Mitchell, D. B., &Reznick, J. S. (1979a). Mental travel: Some reservations.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,5, 13–18.
Richman, C. L., Mitchell, D. B., &Reznick, J. S. (1979b). The demands of mental travel: Demand characteristics of mental imagery experiments.The Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2, 564–565.
Stanley, G., &Hoffman, W. C. (1976). Orientation-specific color effects without adaptation.Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society,7, 513–514.
Banks, W. P. (1981). Assessing relations between imagery and perception.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,7, 844–847.
Bboerse, J., &Crassini, B. (1980). The influence of imagery ability on color aftereffects produced by physically present and imagined induction stimuli.Perception & Psychophysics,28, 560–568.
Bboerse, J., &Crassini, B. (1981). Misinterpretations of imagery-induced McCoilough effects: A reply to Finke.Perception & Psychophysics,30, 96–98.
De Valois, R. L. (1982). Early visual processing: Feature detection or spatial filtering? In D. G. Albrecht (Ed.),Lecture notes in biomathematics (Vol 44) Recognition of pattern and form. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Cronbach, L. J. (1970).Essentials of psychological testing. New York: Harper and Row.
Finke, R. A. (1980). Levels of equivalence in imagery and perception.Psychological Review,87, 113–132.
Finke, R. A. (1981). Interpretation of imagery-induced McCoilough effects.Perception & Psychophysics,30, 94–95.
Finke, R. A., &SCHMIDT, M. J. (1977). Orientation-specific color aftereffects following imagination.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,3, 599–606.
Finke, R. A., &Schmidt, M, J. (1978). The quantitative measure of pattern representation in images using orientation-specific color aftereffects.Perception & Psychophysics,23, 515–520.
Ginsbubo, A. P. (1982). On a filter approach to understanding the perception of visual form. In D. G. Albrecht (Ed.),Lecture notes in biomathematics (Vol. 44) Recognition of pattern and form. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Intons-Petebson, M. J., &White, A. R. (1981). Experimenter naivete and imaginai judgments.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,7, 833–843.
Kaufman, J. H., May, J. G., &Kunen, S. (1981). Interocular transfer of orientation-contingent color aftereffects with external and internal adaptation.Perception & Psychophysics,30, 547–551.
Kosslyn, S. M. (1981). The medium and the message in mental imagery: A theory.Psychological Review,88, 46–66.
Kosslyn, S. M., Pinkek, S..Smith, G. E., &Shwabtz, S. P. (1979). On the démystification of mental imagery.The Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2, 535–581.
Kunen, S., &May, J. G. (1980). Spatial frequency content of visual imagery.Perception & Psychophysics,28, 555–559.
Kunen, S., &May, J. G. (1981). Imagery-induced McCoilough effects: Real or imagined?Perception & Psychophysics,30, 99–100.
Liebebman, D. A. (1979). Behaviorism and the mind: A (limited) call for a return to introspection.American Psychologist,34, 319–333.
May, J. G., Agamy, G., &Matteson, H. H. (1978). The range of spatial frequency contingent color aftereffects.Vision Research,18, 917–921.
Mccollough, C. (1965). Color adaptation of edge detectors in the human visual system.Science,149, 1115–1116.
Mitchell, D. B., &Richman, C L. (1980). Confirmed reservations: Mental travel.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,6, 58–66.
Natsoulas, T. (1970). Concerning introspective “knowledge.”Psychological Buttetin,73, 89–111.
Natsoulas, T. (1978). Consciousness.American Psychologist,33, 906–914.
Richman, C. L., Mitchell, D. B., &Reznick, J. S. (1979a). Mental travel: Some reservations.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,5, 13–18.
Richman, C. L., Mitchell, D. B., &Reznick, J. S. (1979b). The demands of mental travel: Demand characteristics of mental imagery experiments.The Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2, 564–565.
Stanley, G., &Hoffman, W. C. (1976). Orientation-specific color effects without adaptation.Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society,7, 513–514.
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Broerse, J., Crassini, B. Investigations of perception and imagery using CAEs: The role of experimental design and psychophysical method. Perception & Psychophysics 35, 155–164 (1984). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03203895
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03203895