SpringerLink
Log in

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0 Particles in the Atmosphere over the Southern Baikal Region

  • Published:
Russian Meteorology and Hydrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study presents the data on concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), coarse (PM10, PM2.5) and submicron (PM1.0) particles in the atmosphere over the southern Baikal region at two monitoring stations (urban (Irkutsk) and rural (Listvyanka village)) in 2019–2022. Seasonal dynamics and high correlations between their concentrations are revealed. It was found out that PAHs are mainly sorbed on coarse particles in the atmosphere over Irkutsk and on submicron particles in Listvyanka. The total concentration of 21 PAHs varied at the stations from 1–3 ng/m3 in summer to 35–50 ng/m3 in winter, with an average annual value approximately 20 ng/m3. High concentrations in all seasons were determined for fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and phenanthrene. The calculated equivalent of aerosol toxicity in the atmosphere over Irkutsk increased from summer to winter with a growing contribution of benzo[a]pyrene exceeding maximum permissible concentration (MPC) by 8 times. The mass concentration during the year varied from 13 to 180 \(\mu\)g/m3 for PM10, from 4 to 121 \(\mu\)g/m3 for PM2.5, from 4 to 118 \(\mu\)g/m3 for PM1.0. Exceeding the MPC for PM2.5 by 1.1–3.4 times was recorded in Irkutsk from November to May. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs and the factor analysis identified the main sources of air pollution by this class of compounds over the southern Baikal region, which are combustion of coal, liquid fuel, and firewood, and also motor transport emissions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price includes VAT (France)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

REFERENCES

  1. GN 2.1.6.3492-17. On Approval of Hygienic Standards "Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) of Pollutants in the Atmospheric Air over Urban and Rural Settlements" (as Amended on May 31, 2018). Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation No. 165 Dated December 22, 2017 [in Russian].

  2. A. G. Gorshkov and I. I. Marinaite, "Monitoring of the Ecological Toxicants in the Environmental Objects of Baikal Region. Part 1. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aerosol of Industrial Centers (Using Irkutsk as an Example)," Optika Atmos. Okeana, No. 10, 13 (2000) [Atmos. Ocean. Opt., No. 10, 13 (2000)].

  3. K. Ya. Kondratyev, "Aerosol as a Climate-forming Component of the Atmosphere. Part 1. Physical Properties and Chemical Composition," Optika Atmos. Okeana, No. 2, 15 (2002) [Atmos. Ocean. Opt., No. 2, 15 (2002)].

  4. K. Ya. Kondratyev, "Aerosol as a Climate-forming Component of the Atmosphere. 2. Direct and Indirect Impact on Climate," Optika Atmos. Okeana, No. 4, 15 (2002) [Atmos. Ocean. Opt., No. 4, 15 (2002)].

  5. A. R. Suzdorf, S. V. Morozov, L. I. Kuzubova, N. N. Anshits, and A. G. Anshits, "Polycyckic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment: Sources, Profiles, and Transformation Routes," Khimiya v Interesakh Ustoichivogo Razvitiya, No. 2–3 (1994) [in Russian].

  6. EPA Test Method, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons—Method b 10 (US Environmental Protection Agensy, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 2011).

  7. European Environment Agency. Annual Mean Bap Concentrations in 2018, 2020, https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/annual-mean-bap-concentrations-in-4 (Accessed February 12, 2021).

  8. M. Fang, M. Zeng, F. Wang, K. L. To, A. B. Jaafar, and S. L. Tong, "The Solvent-extractable Organic Compounds in the Indonesia Biomass Burning Aerosols: Characterization Studies," Atmos. Environ., 33 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. A. G. Gorshkov, O. N. Izosimova, O. V. Kustova, I. I. Marinaite, Y. P. Galachyants, V. N. Sinyukovich, and T. V. Khodzher, "Wildfires as a Source of PAHs in Surface Waters of Background Areas (Lake Baikal, Russia)," Water, No. 2636, 13 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. A. G. Gorshkov, I. I. Marinaite, G. S. Zhamsueva, and A. S. Zayakhanov, "Benzopyrene Isomer Ratio in Organic Reaction of Aerosols over Water Surface of Lake Baikal," J. Aerosol Sci., 2 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. K. Hayakawa, N. Tang, W. **ng, P. K. Oanh, A. Hara, and H. Nakamura, "Concentrations and Sources of Atmospheric PM, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Kanazawa, Japan," Atmosphere, 12 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Health Effects of Particulate Matter (World Health Organization, 2013).

  13. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Chemical Agents and Related Occupations (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2012).

  14. M. Kanakidou, J. Seinfeld, S. Pandis, I. Barnes, F. Dentener, M. Facchini, R. Dingenen, B. Ervens, A. Nenes, C. Nielsen, E. Swietlicki, J. Putaud, Y. Balkanski, S. Fuzzi, J. Horth, G. Moortgat, R. Winterhalter, C. Myhre, K. Tsigaridis, E. Vignati, E. Stephanou, and J. Wilson, "Organic Aerosol and Global Climate Modelling: A Review," Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. B. Kozielska, W. Rogula-Kozlowska, and K. Klejnowski, "Seasonal Variations in Health Hazards from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Bound to Submicrometer Particles at Three Characteristic Sites in the Heavily Polluted Polish Region," Atmosphere, 6 (2015).

  16. H. M. Malcolm and S. Dobson, The Calculation of an Environmental Assessment Level (EAL) for Atmospheric PAHs Using Relative Potencies (Department of the Environment, London, UK, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  17. I. Marinaite, I. Penner, E. Molozhnikova, M. Shikhovtsev, and T. Khodzher, "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of the Southern Baikal Region (Russia): Sources and Relationship with Meteorological Conditions," Atmosphere, 13 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. I. Marinaite, V. L. Potyomkin, E. V. Molozhnikova, I. E. Penner, M. Y. Shikhovtsev, O. N. Izosimova, and T. V. Khodzher, "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM10 Solid Particles above the Water Area of Lake Baikal in the Summer of 2020," in Proceedings of SPIE 11916, 27th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, 119161R (15 December 2021).

  19. E. Morillo, A. S. Romero, C. Maqueda, L. Madrid, F. Ajmone-Marsan, H. Grcman, C. M. Davidson, A. S. Hursthouse, and J. Villaverde, "Soil Pollution by PAHs in Urban Soils: A Comparison of Three European Cities," J. Environ. Monitoring, No. 9, 9 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. N. Omar, M. Abas, K. Ketuly, and N. Tahir, "Concentrations of PAHs in Atmospheric Particles (PM-10) and Roadside Soil Particles Collected in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia," Atmos. Environ., 36 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. M. F. Simcik, S. J. Eisenreich, and P. J. Lioy, "Source Apportionment and Source/Sink Relationships of PAHs in the Coastal Atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan," Atmos. Environ., 33 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Tobiszewski and J. Namiesnik, "PAH Diagnostic Ratios for the Identification of Pollution Emission Sources," Environ. Pollut., 162 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Verma, R. Masto, S. Gautam, D. Choudhury, L. Ram, S. Maiti, and S. Maity, "Investigations on PAHs and Trace Elements in Coal and Its Combustion Residues from a Power Plant," Fuel, 162 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. WHO. Review of Evidence on Health Aspects of Air Pollution—REVIHAAP Project: Final Technical Report (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2013).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia

    I. I. Marinaite, T. V. Khodzher, V. A. Obolkin & V. L. Potyomkin

Authors
  1. I. I. Marinaite
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. V. Khodzher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. A. Obolkin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. V. L. Potyomkin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. I. Marinaite.

Additional information

Translated from Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 2023, No. 4, pp. 22-32. https://doi.org/10.52002/0130-2906-2023-4-22-32.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Marinaite, I.I., Khodzher, T.V., Obolkin, V.A. et al. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0 Particles in the Atmosphere over the Southern Baikal Region. Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol. 48, 300–308 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373923040027

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373923040027

Keywords

Search

Navigation