Abstract
The formation and development conditions of the Buzuluksky pine forest have been analyzed. The basis of the forest is isolated thin sandy deposits of an ancient sea on the elevation of the crystal bedrock with a sedimentary cover. Low water permeability has resulted in the retention of gravitational, capillary, and other water forms in sands with sporadic inclusions of clay layers at depths accessible for pine. The high filtration properties of sandy soils, in combination with forest litter, cause two to three times less snowmelt and storm-water runoff in comparison with steppe clay soils surrounding the forest. This increases the efficiency of the atmospheric precipitation use by vegetation under water-deficient conditions of the continental climate. The rise in atmospheric precipitation by 20–30% detected in the Buzuluksky pine forest as compared to the surrounding steppe is apparently related to the elevated topography and additional evaporation in the forest. The accumulation and preservation of meltwater in groundwater and in the perched water table of sandy deposits is an important habitat condition of the forest: this is an additional water source to atmospheric precipitation for pine trees in dry summer periods. The depth and fluctuations in the water level are determined by the thickness of sandy deposits, the location of clay layers, topography, and the transpiration of pine biocenoses. The groundwater depth is 2–3 m (with annual fluctuations to 1 m) in river floodplains and is 6–7 m (with fluctuation to 0.4 m) outside the floodplain. In depressions, the perched water table reaches 5 m in depth due to the groundwater flowing down from elevated areas. The differences in the groundwater depths and their fluctuations determine the predomination of pine stands of quality class II in river floodplains and depressions and of quality classes III and IV on elevations.
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Kliment’ev, A.I., Petrova, G.V., Nesterenko, Y.M. et al. Hydrological Conditions and Groundwater Level Fluctuations in Landscapes of the Buzuluksky Bor National Park. Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 15, 938–952 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425522070149
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425522070149