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Conditions and Mechanisms of the Formation of Sulfide–Oxide Mineralization upon Melt Differentiation in the Intermediate Chamber: Example of Intrusion on the Western Slope of the Southern Urals

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Abstract—

The materials on the geology, geochemistry, and mineralogy of the differentiated body of the Misaelga Complex located in the Taratash metamorphic complex on the western slope of the Southern Urals are reported. The performed studies show that the distribution of PGEs and gold along the section of a differentiated body indicates its asymmetric structure. Comparative analysis of the normalized contents of noble metals in rocks of the complex and picrite of the western slope of the Southern Urals and the adjacent part of the East European Platform shows that the rocks are characterized by general tendencies, namely, the predominance of Pd over Pt and the “rhodium anomaly.” The REE distribution in rocks of the complex is characterized by their “inert” behavior upon intrachamber melt differentiation. The residual melt became sharply enriched in the entire group of REE only at the final stages. Detailed mineralogical analysis of silicates and aluminosilicates allowed us to calculate the P–T parameters of their crystallization: intratelluric olivine, 1472°C; olivine from the groundmass, 1050–1183°C; pyroxenes, 1071–1073°C; amphibole, T = 950–1045°C, P = 4.0–7.4 kbar. Variations in the chemical composition of the major rock-forming minerals and the internal structure of the differentiated body are satisfactorily described by the fractional crystallization model for the mechanism of directed crystallization with gravitational precipitation of olivine, olivine + clinopyroxene, and early-generation ore minerals at the initial stages of the massif’s formation. It is shown that the generalized process of the sulfide and Fe–Ti mineralization upon melt differentiation in the intermediate chamber includes crystallization of a sulfide and Fe–Ti melt depending on its composition; crystallization of iss in the form of intermediate compounds, chrome–magnetite, and Cr–Mg-ilmenite, as well as compositional evolution of pentlandite towards Co-bearing varieties. At the final stage, the decomposition of Fe–Ti-solid solutions with different numbers and compositions of coexisting phases occurs.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to V.A. Kotlyarov for a highly professional analysis of minerals and to the anonymous reviewers for useful comments that improved the article.

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This study was performed as a part of the state task of the Institute of Geology, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences (topic no. 0252-2017-0012).

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Kovalev, S.G., Kovalev, S.S. Conditions and Mechanisms of the Formation of Sulfide–Oxide Mineralization upon Melt Differentiation in the Intermediate Chamber: Example of Intrusion on the Western Slope of the Southern Urals. Geol. Ore Deposits 63, 556–578 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701521060039

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