Abstract
This paper is focused on the new data for geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of stockworks consisting of steep and gentle quartz veins and veinlets forming a complex multilevel structure at the Rodion deposit. These stockworks range from 25 to 150 m in thickness. Average gold grade is 1.8 g/t. Ore minerals pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and native gold are predominantly concentrated on the vein and veinlet walls. Thermal metamorphism caused by the intrusion of the Ulakhan granodiorite pluton is the important singularity of the deposit. The deposit ore is enriched in chalcophile microelements Au, Ag, As, Sb, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Bi as compared to the average composition of the upper crust and hosting Permian sequences. The enrichment factors range from a few to hundreds of times. Bi, W, Pb, Ag, and Na2O are positively correlated between each other and with Au. The highest correlation coefficient 0.59 is between Au and Bi. Au is negatively correlated with Ba, Li, Co, Ni, Mn, Ti, and Be. The stockwork ores were formed involving homogeneous low-saline (9.4–4.3 wt % NaCl equiv) substantially aqueous bicarbonate-chloride fluid at 275–330°C and 300–1840 bar fluid pressure. Fluid has a high concentration of CO2 (up to 349 g/kg of water) and is reductive (СО2/СН4 = 17–37.3). Na and Ca are the major cations in the fluid, whereas K and Mg are minor. In addition, many microelements were detected in the fluid: As, Li, Rb, Cs, Mo, Ag, Sb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, U, Ga, Ge, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Y, Zr, Sn, Ba, W, Au, Hg, and REE. The results obtained are consistent with the metamorphic–magmatic formation model of orogenic gold–quartz deposits within the Yana–Kolyma belt.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Apel’tsin, F.R, Distinctive features of petrograbz abd petrochemistrz of the minor intrusions of different age of the main gold belt of Northeast USSR, Tr. VNII-1. Geologiya, 1957, vol. 8, pp. 75–190.
Borisenko, A.S, Cryometric study of salt composition of gas–liquid inclusions in minerals, Geol. Geofiz., 1977, no. 8, pp. 16–27.
Bortnikov, N.S., Vikent’eva, O.V., Gamyanin, G.N., et al., Fluid composition and origin in the hydrothermal system of the Nezhdaninsky gold deposit, Sakha (Yakutia), Russia, Geol. Ore Deposits, 2007, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 99–145.
Brown, P, Flincor: a computer program for the reduction and investigation of fluid inclusion data, Am. Mineral., 1989, vol. 74, pp. 1390–1393.
Collins, P.L.P, Gas hydrates in CO2-bearing fluid inclusions and the use of freezing data for estimation of salinity, Econ. Geol., 1979, vol. 74, pp. 1435–1444.
Firsov, L.V., Zoloto-kvartsevaya formatsiya Yano-Kolymskogo poyasa (Gold–Quartz Formation of the Yana–Kolyma Belt), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1985.
Gibsher, N.A., Tomilenko, A.A., Sazonov, A.M., et al., The Gerfed gold deposit: fluids and PT-conditions for quartz vein formation, Yenisei Ridge, Russia), Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2011, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 1461–1473.
Goryachev, N.A. and Gamyanin, G.N., Gold–bismuth (gold–rare-metal) deposits of Northeast Russia: types and prospects of economic development, in Zolotorudnye mestorozhdeniya Vostoka Rossii (Gold Deposits of East Russia), Magadan: SVNTs DVO RAN, 2006, pp. 50–62.
Goryachev N.A., Vikent’eva, O.V., Bortnikov, N.S., et al., The world-class Natalka gold deposit, northeast Russia: REE patterns, fluid inclusions, stable oxygen isotopes, and formation conditions of ore, Geol. Ore Deposits, 2008, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 362–390.
Jones B. and Manning, D.A.C, Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones, Chem. Geol., 1994, vol. 111, pp. 111–129.
Kotlyar, I.N., Zhulanova, I.L., Rusakova, T.B., et al., Izotopnye sistemy magmaticheskikh i metamorficheskikh kompleksov Severo-Vostoka Rossii (Isotope Systems of the Magmatic and Metamorphic Complexes of Northeast Russia), Magadan: SVKNII DVO RAN, 2001.
Kryazhev, S.G., Prokof’ev, V.Yu., Vasyuta, Yu.V., Application of ICP MSin analyzing the composition of ore-forming fluids, Vestn. Mosk. Gos. Univ., Ser. 4. Geologiya, 2006, no. 4, pp. 30–36.
Kun, L., Ruidong, Y., Wenyong, Ch., et al., Trace element and REE geochemistry of the Zhewang gold deposit, southeastern Guizhou province, China, Chin. J. Geochem, 2014, vol. 33, pp. 109–118.
Mikhailov, B.K., Struzhkov, S.F., Aristov, V.V., et al., Gold potential of the Yana–Kolyma province, Rudy Met., 2007, no. 5, pp. 4–17.
Mikhalitsyna, T. I, Lithology and geochemistry of the Upper Permian rocks of the southwestern flank of the Ayan–Yuryakh anticlinorium by the example of the section along the Tikhonya Settlement, Magadan region, Vestn. SVNTs, DVO RAN, 2014, no. 4, pp. 17–28.
Naden, J. and Shepherd, Th., Role of methane and carbon dioxide in gold deposition, Nature, 1989, vol. 342, no. 6521, pp. 793–795.
Prokof’ev V.Yu. and Pek A.A, Problems in estimation of the formation depth of hydrothermal deposits by data on pressure of mineralizing fluids, Geol. Ore Deposits, 2015, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1–20.
Ridley, J.R. and Diamond, L.W, Fluid chemistry of orogenic lode gold deposits and implications for genetic models, Rev. Econ. Geol., 2000, vol. 13, pp. 141–162.
Skornyakov, P.I, Age of gold mineralization on Northeast USSR, in Materialy po geologii Severo-Vostoka SSSR (Proceedings on Geology of Northeast USSR), Magadan: Sovetskaya Kolyma, 1949, vol. 5, pp. 13–21.
Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M., The Continental Crust, Oxford: Blackwell, 1985.
Tyukova, E.E., Mineralogo-geneticheskie osobennosti mestorozhdenii Pionerskogo rudnogo uzla (Severo-Vostok SSSR) (Mineralogical–Genetic Features of the Deposits of the Pionersky Ore Cluster, Northeast USSR), Magadan: SVKNII DVO RAN, 1989.
Volkov, A.V, The distribution and formation conditions of gold deposits in tectono–magmatic activization zones of the northeast of Russia, Geol. Ore Deposits, 2005, vol. 47, no. 3, 188–205.
Volkov, A.V., Sidorov, V.A., Prokof’ev, V.Yu., et al., Polychronous Formation of the Rodionovskoe Gold–Quartz Deposit, Russian Northeast, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2009, vol. 424, no. 1, pp. 19–23.
Voroshin, S.V., Tyukova, E.E., Newberry, R.J., et al., Orogenic gold and rare metal deposits of the upper Kolyma district, northeastern Russia: relation to igneous rocks, timing, and metal assemblages, Ore Geol. Rev., 2014, vol. 62, pp. 1–24.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.V. Volkov, V.Yu. Prokofiev, E.E. Tyukova, V.A. Sidorov, K.Yu. Murashov, N.V. Sidorova, M.A. Zemskova, 2017, published in Geologiya Rudnykh Mestorozhdenii, 2017, Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 93–112.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Volkov, A.V., Prokofiev, V.Y., Tyukova, E.E. et al. New data for geology and geochemistry of the Rodion gold–quartz deposit, northeastern Russia. Geol. Ore Deposits 59, 112–130 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701517020064
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701517020064