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Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Phenothiazine Based Chalcone Derivatives, Their Antibacterial Studies and Molecular Docking Against COVID-19 Virus Spike Protein Inhibitor

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Abstract

Objective: Phenothiazine and its derivatives have many biological effects, such as killing bacteria, protecting cells from damage, fighting cancer, and other drug-related effects. Methods: Phenothiazine-containing chalcone derivatives were tested for antibacterial activity using the agar-well diffusion method. For COVID-19, a molecular docking investigation of produced molecules was performed using AutoDock 2.0 software. Results and Discussion: Phenothiazine derivatives were characterized using spectral techniques such as IR, NMR, and mass spectral data. All the synthesized derivatives shown good antibacterial studies against various bacterial strains. The docking results of the synthesized ligand possesses good binding energy with 2AJF protein. Conclusions: This work presented standard procedures and focused on the synthesis and spectrum characterization of a series of phenothiazine integrated Chalcone derivatives employing ultrasonic irradiation. Phenothiazine and chalcone compounds have been shown to have potent antibacterial activity. The phenothiazine-based chalcone moieties in the drug’s formation of hydrogen bonds with the target enzyme make it an efficient antiviral agent, according to the docking finding.

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DATA AVAILABILITY

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by regular institutional funding, and no additional grants were obtained.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Humanities and Sciences, CVR College of Engineering, 501510, Hyderabad, India

    K. Venkatesan, N. Hussain Basha, T. Jagadish, P. Vishnuvardhan Reddy & Hussain Shaik

  2. PG and Research, Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Chidambaram, 608102, Tamil Nadu, India

    M. Pasupathi

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  1. K. Venkatesan
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  2. N. Hussain Basha
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  4. P. Vishnuvardhan Reddy
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Contributions

The authors NHB, TJD—contributed for preparation and characterization of compounds. The authors PVR, HS—contributed to manuscript preparation. The author MP for docking studies. The author KVS contributed to finalizing manuscript and done biological studies.

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Correspondence to K. Venkatesan.

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Venkatesan, K., Basha, N.H., Jagadish, T. et al. Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Phenothiazine Based Chalcone Derivatives, Their Antibacterial Studies and Molecular Docking Against COVID-19 Virus Spike Protein Inhibitor. Russ J Bioorg Chem 50, 1133–1140 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162024030336

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