Abstract
We proposed a procedure for the identification and determination of nonionic surfactants in natural waters by ultra-HPLC with high-resolution mass spectrometry detection. The main analytical characteristics of the determination of the most common nonionic surfactants—alkylphenol ethoxylates and alkyloxyethoxylates—are found by the proposed method. The main adducts of polymer homologues of the determined surfactants, formed under electrospray ionization, are considered. To extract analytes from natural water samples, we used dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with a mixture of trichloromethane and acetonitrile. A possibility of the determination of nonionic surfactants by the direct electrospray of a prepared sample into a mass spectrometer is considered. The limits of quantification of surfactants under the selected conditions varied from 0.1 to 0.5 ng/mL; the analytical range was from 1 to 1000 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation of the results did not exceed 15%. The duration of the identification of sample components was 30 min; the determination of the detected analytes took 1 h.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
RD (Regulatory Document) 52.24.439-2007:Mass Concentration of Nonionic Synthetic Surfactants and Polyethylene Glycols in Waters. Measurement Procedure by Extraction-Photometric Method, Rostov-on-Don: Rosgidromet, 2007.
PND F (Federal Environmental Regulatory Document) 14.1:2.247-07: Quantitative Chemical Analysis of Waters. Methods for Measuring the Weight Concentrations of Nonionic Synthetic Surfactants in Natural and Waste Water Samples by the Nephelometric Method, Moscow, 2016.
PND F (Federal Environmental Regulatory Document) 14.1:2:4.194-2003: Quantitative Chemical Analysis of Waters. Methods for Measuring the Weight Concentration of Nonionic Surfactants in Samples of Drinking, Natural and Waste Water by the Extraction-Photometric Method in the Presence of Anionic Surfactants, Moscow, 2012.
Levsen, K., Wagner-Redeker, W., Schafer, K.H., and Dobberstein, P., J. Chromatogr. A, 1985, vol. 323, p. 135.
Petrovic, M., Rodriguez Fernández-Alba, A., Borrull, F., Marce, R.M., González, M.E., and Barceló, D., Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 2002, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 37.
Barco, M., Planas, C., Palacios, O., Ventura, F., Rivera, J., and Caixach, J., Anal. Chem., 2003, vol. 75, p. 5129.
Lara-Martín, P.A., Gómez-Parra, A., and González-Mazo, E., J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, vol. 1137, p. 188.
Loos, R., Hanke, G., Umlauf, G., and Eisenreich, S.J., Chemosphere, 2006, vol. 66, p. 690.
Crescenzi, C., Di Corcia, A., and Samperi, R., Anal. Chem., 1995, vol. 67, p. 1797.
Cantero, M., Rubio, S., and Pérez-Bendito, D., J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, vol. 1046, p. 147.
Gomez, V., Ferreres, L., Pocurull, E., and Borrull, F., Talanta, 2011, vol. 84, p. 859.
Amelin, V.G., Bol’shakov, D.S., and Tret’yakov, A.V., J. Anal. Chem., 2013, vol. 68, no. 5, p. 386.
Amelin, V.G., Lavrukhin, D.K., and Tret’yakov, A.V., J. Anal. Chem., 2013, vol. 68, no. 9, p. 822.
Bol’shakov, D.S., Amelin, V.G., and Tret’yakov, A.V., J. Anal. Chem., 2014, vol. 69, no. 1, p. 72.
Amelin, V.G., Bol’shakov, D.S., and Andoralov, A.M., J. Anal. Chem., 2018, vol. 73, no. 3, p. 257.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by O. Zhukova
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amelin, V.G., Bol’shakov, D.S. Identification and Determination of Nonionic Surfactants by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Chem 76, 226–242 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934820120023
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934820120023