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Non-Stationary Thermal Wave Mode Decomposition: A Comparative Study of EMD, HVD, and VMD for Defect Detection

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Abstract

Frequency coded non-stationary thermal wave imaging (NSTWI) has been evolved as viable active infrared non-destructive testing technique for inspecting various industrial components. The non-stationary temporal thermal response from the test sample in NSTWI comprises of different components, where a proper signal decomposition algorithm can decompose into intrinsic mode functions (IMF). Each IMF illustrates a specific component of the thermal response and its favourability for defect detection. The present article qualitatively analyses the three signal decomposition algorithms such as empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Hilbert vibrational decomposition (HVD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD) for thermal signal decomposition and defect detection. Initially, a synthetic frequency coded signal with and without noise is subjected to decomposition and each IMF is analysed. Later, a mild steel specimen with artificially simulated defects of same size lying at various depths is used to experimentally analyse the three signal decomposition algorithms. Further, the defect detection is carried out by employing Fourier transform phase on each intrinsic mode function (IMF) of the three decomposition algorithms. The signal-to-noise ratios conclude that VMD are suitable for efficient decomposition and defect detection in NSTWI.

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Funding

The Naval Research Board, India partly supports this work, under grant no. NRB-423/MAT/18-19.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of ECE, KSRM College of Engineering, Kadapa, A.P, India

    G. T. Vesala

  2. Infrared Imaging Center, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India

    G. T. Vesala, G. Srinivasarao & V. S. Ghali

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India

    D. V. A. Rama Sastry

  4. Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Ambernath (E), Dist. Thane, Maharashtra, India

    R. B. Naik

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  1. G. T. Vesala
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Correspondence to G. T. Vesala.

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Vesala, G.T., Srinivasarao, G., Ghali, V.S. et al. Non-Stationary Thermal Wave Mode Decomposition: A Comparative Study of EMD, HVD, and VMD for Defect Detection. Russ J Nondestruct Test 58, 521–535 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830922060122

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