Abstract
The review analyses the scope of the genes of Mendelian cardiomyopathies (CM), specifically hypertrophic, dilated, arrhythmogenic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. According to Simple ClinVar, pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants of 75 genes trigger one or more types of CM. At the same time, these genes are characterized by their expression in various tissues and organs (not only in the heart and blood vessels but also in various parts of the brain, gastrointestinal tract, etc.), as well as by their involvement in a variety of metabolic pathways and biological processes. These data are generally consistent with the results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Polymorphisms of the CM genes are associated with various types of CM and other cardiovascular diseases, as well as obesity, various diseases of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems, and mental, oncological, infectious, and other diseases. In addition to pathological conditions, common variants of the CM genes contributed to the variation of a wide range of quantitative traits, including pathogenetically significant for various multifactorial diseases. The non-randomness of the identified associations of CM genes with a wide range of diseases is evidenced by comorbidity of CM with GWAS-associated diseases or the involvement of the latter as a symptom, a risk factor for the development of myocardial pathology, and a modifier of the clinical presentation; overlap** of the affected organ systems and the spectrum of pathologies associated with common variants (according to GWAS) and to which rare pathogenic variants (according to OMIM) of the CM genes lead; and confirmation of the involvement of CM genes in the pathogenesis of diseases of other organ systems at the molecular level. Thus, the data presented in the review indicate the wide scope of the genes of primary CMs, which goes beyond the cardiovascular system. That indicates the relevance of conducting comprehensive studies aimed at determining the cause-and-effect relationships between the CM and pathological conditions of other organs, including with the involvement of molecular genetic data.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS1022795424010101/MediaObjects/11177_2024_1876_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS1022795424010101/MediaObjects/11177_2024_1876_Fig2_HTML.png)
REFERENCES
Landrum, M.J., Lee, J.M., Benson, M., et al., ClinVar: improving access to variant interpretations and supporting evidence, Nucl. Acids Res., 2018, vol. 46, no. D1, pp. D1062–D1067. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1153
Ding, W.W., Wang, B.Z., Han, L., et al., ALPK3 gene-related pediatric cardiomyopathy with craniofacial-skeletal features: a report and literature review, Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese J. Pediatrics, 2021 , vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 787–792. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210222-00150
McKenna, W.J. and Judge, D.P., Epidemiology of the inherited cardiomyopathies, Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2021, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0428-2
Kucher, A.N., Valiakhmetov, N.R., Salakhov, R.R., et al., Phenotype variation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in carriers of the p.Arg870His pathogenic variant in the MYH7 gene, Byull. Sib. Med., 2022, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 205–216. https://doi.org/10.20528/1682-0363-2022-3-205-216
Salakhov, R.R., Golubenko, M.V., Valiakhmetov, N.R., et al., Application of long-read nanopore sequencing to the search for mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2022, vol. 23, no. 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415845
Bezhanishvili, T.G., Gudkova, A.Y., Davydova, V.G., et al., Cardiometabolic risk factors and their relationship with the interleukin-6 receptor gene polymorphism (rs2228145) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Ross. Kardiol. Zh., 2020, vol. 25, no. 10. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4098
Chauhan, P.K. and Sowdhamini, R., Integrative network analysis interweaves the missing links in cardiomyopathy diseasome, Sci. Rep., 2022, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 19670. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24246-x
Jex, N., Chowdhary, A., Thirunavukarasu, S., et al., Coexistent diabetes is associated with the presence of adverse phenotypic features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Diabetes Care, 2022, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1852–1862. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-0083
Lee, H.J., Kim, H.K., Kim, B.S., et al., Impact of diabetes mellitus on the outcomes of subjects with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a nationwide cohort study, Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 2022, vol. 186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109838
Robertson, J., Lindgren, M., Schaufelberger, M., et al., Body mass index in young women and risk of cardiomyopathy: a long-term follow-up study in Sweden, Circulation, 2020, vol. 144, no. 7, pp. 520–529. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.04-4056
Karputs, I.A., Snezhitskiy, V.A., Kurbat, M.N., et al., Role of the TTN, TTN-truncation, ММР-2 and ММР-3 genes polymorphisms in the development of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy, Zh. Grodn. Gos. Med. Univ., 2021, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 135–140. https://doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2021-19-2-5-135-140
Makarov, I.A., Borodin, K.O., Makarova, T.A., and Mitrofanova, L.B., Change in cardiomyopathy phenotype due to myocarditis, MEDLINE.RU. Ross. Biomed. Zh., 2022, vol. 23, pp. 298–311.
Povysil, G., Chazara, O., Carss, K.J., et al., Assessing the role of rare genetic variation in patients with heart failure, JAMA Cardiol., 2021, vol. 6, no. 4, p. e206500. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.6500
Patel, A.P., Dron, J.S., Wang, M., et al., Association of pathogenic DNA variants predisposing to cardiomyopathy with cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality, JAMA Cardiol., 2022, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 723–732. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0901
Tiron, C., Campuzano, O., Fernández-Falgueras, A., et al., Prevalence of pathogenic variants in cardiomyopathy-associated genes in myocarditis, Circ. Genom Precis. Med., 2022, vol. 15, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCGEN.121.003408
Walsh, R., Offerhaus, J.A., Tadros, R., and Bezzina, C.R., Minor hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genes, major insights into the genetics of cardiomyopathies, Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2022, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 151–167. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00608-2
Di Lorenzo, F., Marchionni, E., Ferradini, V., et al., DSP-related cardiomyopathy as a distinct clinical entity? Emerging evidence from an Italian cohort, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2023, vol. 24, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032490
Parker, L.E., Kramer, R.J., Kaplan, S., and Landstrom, A.P., One gene, two modes of inheritance, four diseases: a systematic review of the cardiac manifestation of pathogenic variants in JPH2-encoded junctophilin-2, Trends Cardiovasc. Med., 2023, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2021.11.006
Sollis, E., Mosaku, A., Abid, A., et al., The NHGRI-EBI GWAS catalog: knowledgebase and deposition resource, Nucl. Acids Res., 2022, vol. 51, no. D1, pp. D977–D985. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac1010
Hamosh, A., Scott, A.F., Amberger, J.S., et al., Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), a knowledgebase of human genes and genetic disorders, Nucl. Acids Res., 2005, vol. 33, database issue, pp. D514–D517. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki033
Szklarczyk, D., Franceschini, A., Wyder, S., et al., STRING v10: protein–protein interaction networks, integrated over the tree of life, Nucl. Acids Res., 2015, vol. 43, database issue, pp. D447–D452. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1003
McMurry, J.A., Köhler, S., Washington, N.L., et al., Navigating the phenotype frontier: The Monarch Initiative, Genetics, 2016, vol. 203, no. 4, pp. 1491–1495. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.188870
Shefchek, K.A., Harris, N.L., Gargano, M., et al., The Monarch Initiative in 2019: an integrative data and analytic platform connecting phenotypes to genotypes across species, Nucl. Acids Res., 2020, vol. 48, no. D1, pp. D704–D715. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz997
Zhou, Y., Zhou, B., Pache, L., et al., Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets, Nat. Commun., 2019, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1523. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09234-6
Watanabe, K., Taskesen, E., van Bochoven, A., and Posthuma, D., Functional map** and annotation of genetic associations with FUMA, Nat. Commun., 2017, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 1826. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01261-5
Kim, C.Y., Baek, S., Cha, J., et al., HumanNet v3: an improved database of human gene networks for disease research, Nucl. Acids Res., 2022, vol. 50, no. D1, pp. D632–D639. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1048
GTEx Consortium, The Genotype–Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, Nat. Genet., 2013, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 580–585. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2653
Han, P., Li, W., Yang, J., et al., Epigenetic response to environmental stress: assembly of BRG1-G9a/GLP-DNMT3 repressive chromatin complex on Myh6 promoter in pathologically stressed hearts, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2016, vol. 1863, no. 7, part B, pp. 1772–1781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.002
Forini, F., Nicolini, G., Kusmic, C., et al., T3 critically affects the Mhrt/Brg1 axis to regulate the cardiac MHC switch: role of an epigenetic cross-talk, Cells, 2020, vol. 9, no. 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9102155
Li, X., Lin, G., Liu, T., et al., Postnatal development of BAG3 expression in mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus, Brain Struct. Funct., 2021, vol. 226, no. 8, pp. 2629–2650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-021-02356-y
UniProt Consortium, UniProt: the Universal Protein Knowledgebase in 2023, Nucl. Acids Res., 2023, vol. 51, no. D1, pp. D523–D531. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac1052
Jomova, K., Makova, M., Alomar, S.Y., et al., Essential metals in health and disease, Chem. Biol. Interact., 2022, vol. 367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110173
Zhang, Y., He, J., **, J., and Ren, C., Recent advances in the application of metallomics in diagnosis and prognosis of human cancer, Metallomics, 2022, vol. 14, no. 7. https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfac037
Zhang, Y., Huang, B., **, J., et al., Recent advances in the application of ionomics in metabolic diseases, Front. Nutr., 2023, vol. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1111933
Brownrigg, J.R., Leo, V., Rose, J., et al., Epidemiology of cardiomyopathies and incident heart failure in a population-based cohort study, Heart, 2022, vol. 108, no. 17, pp. 1383–1391. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320181
Surget, E., Maltret, A., Raimondi, F., et al., Clinical presentation and heart failure in children with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol., 2022, vol. 15, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.121.010346
Buckley, B.J.R., Harrison, S.L., Gupta, D., et al., Atrial fibrillation in patients with cardiomyopathy: prevalence and clinical outcomes from real-world data, J. Am. Heart Assoc., 2021, vol. 10, no. 23. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.021970
Cipriani, A., Perazzolo Marra, M., Bariani, R., et al., Differential diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: phenocopies versus disease variants // Minerva Med., 2021, vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 269–280. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4806.20.06782-8
Yoneda, Z.T., Anderson, K.C., Quintana, J.A., et al., Early-onset atrial fibrillation and the prevalence of rare variants in cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia genes, JAMA Cardiol., 2021, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1371—1379. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2021.3370
Shah, R.A., Asatryan, B., Sharaf Dabbagh, G., et al., Frequency, penetrance, and variable expressivity of dilated cardiomyopathy-associated putative pathogenic gene variants in UK Biobank Participants, Circulation, 2022, vol. 146, no. 2, pp. 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058143
Osteraas, N.D. and Lee, V.H., Neurocardiology, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2017, Chapter 4, pp. 49–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63600-3.00004-0
Gopinath, R. and Ayya, S.S., Neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy: what do we need to know, Ann. Card. Anaesth., 2018, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 228–234. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_176_17
Ripoll, J.G., Blackshear, J.L. and Díaz-Gómez, J.L., Acute cardiac complications in critical brain disease, Neurosurg. Clin. North Am., 2018, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 281–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nec.2017.11.007
Ganassi, M. and Zammit, P.S., Involvement of muscle satellite cell dysfunction in neuromuscular disorders: expanding the portfolio of satellite cellopathies, Eur. J. Transl. Myol., 2022, vol. 32, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2022.10064
Shi, K., Huang, S., Li, X., et al. Effect of obesity on left ventricular remodeling and clinical outcome in Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: assessed by cardiac MRI, J. Magn. Reson. Imaging, 2023, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 800–809. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.28306
Nollet, E.E., Westenbrink, B.D., de Boer, R.A., et al., Unraveling the genotype—phenotype relationship in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: obesity-related cardiac defects as a major disease modifier, J. Am. Heart. Assoc., 2020, vol. 9, no. 22. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018641
Chen, B., Tang, W.H.W., Rodriguez, M., et al., NAFLD in cardiovascular diseases: a contributor or comorbidity?, Semin. Liver Dis., 2022, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 465–474. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757712
Chang, W.H., Mueller, S.H., Chung, S.C., et al., Increased burden of cardiovascular disease in people with liver disease: unequal geographical variations, risk factors and excess years of life lost, J. Transl. Med., 2022, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-021-03210-9
Liu, S., Yan, Z., and Liu, Q., The burden of psoriasis in China and global level from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019, Biomed. Res. Int., 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3461765
Gupta, A. and Madke, B., Psoriasis a cause of cardiovascular diseases: a review article, Cureus, 2022, vol. 14, no. 8. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.27767
Filardi, T., Ghinassi, B., Di Baldassarre, A., et al., Cardiomyopathy associated with diabetes: the central role of the cardiomyocyte, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2019, vol. 20, no. 13, p. 3299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133299
Sanganalmath, S.K., Dubey, S., Veeranki, S., et al., The interplay of inflammation, exosomes and Ca2+ dynamics in diabetic cardiomyopathy, Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2023, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-01755-1
Zaffran, S., Kraoua, L., and Jaouadi, H., Calcium handling in inherited cardiac diseases: a focus on catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2023, vol. 24, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043365
Volkov, V., On the period of development of neuroleptic cardiomyopathy, Vrach, 2019, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 31–34. https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2019-09-05
Osterlund, P., Kinos, S., Pfeiffer, P., et al., Continuation of fluoropyrimidine treatment with S-1 after cardiotoxicity on capecitabine- or 5-fluorouracil-based therapy in patients with solid tumours: a multicentre retrospective observational cohort study, ESMO Open, 2022, vol. 7, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100427
Thomas, S.D., Jha, N.K., Jha, S.K., et al., Pharmacological and molecular insight on the cardioprotective role of apigenin, Nutrients, 2023, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020385
Li, M.Y., Peng, L.M., and Chen, X.P., Pharmacogenomics in drug-induced cardiotoxicity: current status and the future, Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 2022, vol. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.966261
Harding, D., Chong, M.H.A., Lahoti, N., et al., Dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic cardiac inflammation: pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy, J. Intern. Med., 2023, vol. 293, no. 1, pp. 23–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13556
Poller, W., Kühl, U., Tschoepe, C., et al., Genome-environment interactions in the molecular pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy, J. Mol. Med. (Berl.), 2005, vol. 83, no. 8, pp. 579–586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-005-0664-2
Kažukauskienė, I., Baltrūnienė, V., Jakubauskas, A., et al., Prevalence and prognostic relevance of myocardial inflammation and cardiotropic viruses in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, Cardiol. J., 2022, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 441–453. https://doi.org/10.5603/CJ.a2020.0088
Welty, F.K., Rajai, N., and Amangurbanova, M., Comprehensive review of cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019 and beneficial treatments, Cardiol. Rev., 2022, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 145—157. https://doi.org/10.1097/CRD.0000000000000422
Akhtar, Z., Trent, M., Moa, A., et al., The impact of COVID-19 and COVID vaccination on cardiovascular outcomes, Eur. Heart J. Suppl., 2023, vol. 25, suppl. A, pp. A42–A49. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac123
Goyal, M., Ray, I., Mascarenhas, D., et al., Myocarditis post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A systematic review, QJM: An Intern. J. Medicine, 2023, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 7—25. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcac064
Hammersley, D.J., Buchan, R.J., Lota, A.S., et al., Direct and indirect effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with cardiomyopathy, Open Heart, 2022, vol. 9, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001918
Hill, E., Mehta, H., Sharma, S., et al., Risk factors associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in an EHR cohort: a National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) analysis as part of the NIH RECOVER program, medRxiv, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.15.22278603
Lu, J.F., Fan, Z.X., Li, Y., et al., Risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complicated by ischemic stroke: a single-center retrospective study, Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 2022, vol. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1054199
Gyftopoulos, A., Chen, Y.J., Wang, L., et al., Identification of novel genetic variants and comorbidities associated with ICD-10-based diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using the UK Biobank Cohort, Front. Genet., 2022, vol. 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.866042
Pogran, E., Abd El-Razek, A., Gargiulo, L., et al., Long-term outcome in patients with Takotsubo syndrome: a single center study from Vienna, Wien Klin. Wochenschr., 2022, vol. 134, nos. 7—8, pp. 261—268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-021-01925-9
Palasca, O., Santos, A., Stolte, C., et al., TISSUES 2.0: an integrative web resource on mammalian tissue expression, Database (Oxford), 2018, vol. 2018, no. 7, p. bay003. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bay003
Zheng, Q.X., Wang, J., Gu, X.Y., et al., TTN-AS1 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for multiple cancers, Biomed. Pharmacother., 2012, vol. 135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111169
Biswas, A., Nath, S.D., Ahsan, T., et al., TTN as a candidate gene for distal arthrogryposis type 10 pathogenesis, J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol., 2022, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 119. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-022-00405-5
Rai, B., Naylor, P., Sanchez, M.S., et al., Novel effects of Ras-MAPK pathogenic variants on the develo** human brain and their link to gene expression and inhibition abilities [Preprint], Res. Sq., 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02504-4
Gao, J., Liu, H., Wang, X., et al., Associative analysis of multi-omics data indicates that acetylation modification is widely involved in cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Front. Med. (Lausanne), 2023, vol. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1030644
Chen, J., Wen, Y., Su, H., et al., Deciphering prognostic value of TTN and its correlation with immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma, Front. Oncol., 2022, vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.877878
**e, S. and Wang, X., CRYAB reduces cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress by retarding PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways in human bronchial epithelial cells, Allergol. Immunopathol. (Madr.), 2022, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 23–29. https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v50i5.645
Becerra-Hernández, L.V., Escobar-Betancourt, M.I., Pimienta-Jiménez, H.J., and Buriticá, E., Crystallin alpha-B overexpression as a possible marker of reactive astrogliosis in human cerebral contusions, Front. Cell Neurosci., 2022, vol. 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.838551m
Parnell, L.D., Magadmi, R., Zwanger, S., et al., Dietary responses of dementia-related genes encoding metabolic enzymes, Nutrients, 2023, vol. 15, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030644
Yao, L., Lin, K., Zheng, Z., et al., Bioinformatic analysis of genetic factors from human blood samples and postmortem brains in Parkinson’s disease, Oxid. Med. Cell Longev., 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9235358
Liang, L., Yan, J., Huang, X., et al., Identification of molecular signatures associated with sleep disorder and Alzheimer’s disease, Front. Psychiatry, 2022, vol. 13, p. 925012. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.925012
Rahman, M.R., Islam, T., Zaman, T., et al., Identification of molecular signatures and pathways to identify novel therapeutic targets in Alzheimer’s disease: insights from a systems biomedicine perspective, Genomics, 2020, vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 1290–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.07.018
Giannos, P., Prokopidis, K., Raleigh, S.M., et al., Altered mitochondrial microenvironment at the spotlight of musculoskeletal aging and Alzheimer’s disease, Sci. Rep., 2022, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 11290. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15578-9
Zheng, H., Qian, X., Tian, W., and Cao, L., Exploration of the common gene characteristics and molecular mechanism of Parkinson’s disease and Crohn’s disease from transcriptome data, Brain Sci., 2022, vol. 12, no. 6, p. 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060774
Chen, S., Chen, L., and Jiang, H., Integrated bioinformatics and clinical correlation analysis of key genes, pathways, and potential therapeutic agents related to diabetic nephropathy, Dis. Markers, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9204201
Diao, M., Wu, Y., Yang, J., et al., Identification of novel key molecular signatures in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic kidney disease, Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne), 2022, vol. 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.843721
Wu, C., Tan, S., Liu, L., et al., Transcriptome-wide association study identifies susceptibility genes for rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis Res. Ther., 2022, vol. 23, p. 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02419-9
Carruthers, N.J., Strieder-Barboza, C., Caruso, J.A., et al., The human type 2 diabetes-specific visceral adipose tissue proteome and transcriptome in obesity, Sci. Rep., 2021, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 17394. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96995-0
Gou, W., Wei, H., Swaby, L., et al., Deletion of spinophilin promotes white adipocyte browning, Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2023, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16010091
**ao, M., Zhang, Y., and Xu, X., Calorie restriction combined with high-intensity interval training promotes browning of white adipose tissue by activating the PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway, Altern. Ther. Health Med., 2023, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 134–139.
Zhang, Y., Qi, J., Zhao, J., et al., Effect of dietetic obesity on testicular transcriptome in cynomolgus monkeys, Genes (Basel), 2023, vol. 14, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14030557
Mishra, B.K., Madhu, S.V., Aslam, M., et al., Adipose tissue expression of UCP1 and PRDM16 genes and their association with postprandial triglyceride metabolism and glucose intolerance, Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 2021, vol. 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109115
Li, X., Lu, Y., Zhang, L., Song, A., et al., Primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism present different expressions of calcium-sensing receptor, BMC Surg., 2023, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-023-01928-5
Li, R., Zhang, J., Wang, Q., et al., TPM1 mediates inflammation downstream of TREM2 via the PKA/CREB signaling pathway, J. Neuroinflammation, 2022, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 257. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-022-02619-3
He, X., Wang, T., Ran, N., et al., MicroRNA-21-5p regulates CD3+T lymphocytes through VCL and LTF in patients with immune thrombocytopenia, Clin. Lab., 2022, vol. 68, no. 7. https://doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2021.210907
Wang, R., **ao, Y., Pan, M., et al., Integrative analysis of bulk RNA-Seq and single-cell RNA-Seq unveils the characteristics of the immune microenvironment and prognosis signature in prostate cancer, J. Oncol., 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6768139
Yu, N., Zhang, J., Phillips, S.T., et al., Impaired function of epithelial plakophilin-2 is associated with periodontal disease, J. Periodontal Res., 2021, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1046–1057. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12918
Wang, M., Li, J., Yin, Y., et al., Network pharmacology and in vivo experiment-based strategy to investigate mechanisms of **gFangFuZiLiZhong formula for ulcerative colitis, Ann. Med., 2022, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 3219–3233. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2095665
Iacucci, M., Jeffery, L., Acharjee, A., et al., Computer-aided imaging analysis of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy with molecular labeling and gene expression identifies markers of response to biological therapy in IBD patients: the endo-omics study, Inflammation Bowel Dis., 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izac233
Tsygvintsev, A.A., Lischuk, A.N., Storozhilov, V.A., and Ivanov, D.V., Reversable dilation of heart cavities as a marker of new opportunities in the therapy of inflammatory and dilated cardiomyopathy, Vestn. Nov. Med. Tekhnol., 2019, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 29–34. https://doi.org/10.24411/1609-2163-2019-16526
Funding
This study was supported by the State Task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education no. 122020300041-7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE
This work does not contain any studies involving human and animal subjects.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by M. Novikova
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kucher, A.N., Nazarenko, M.S. The Scope of Mendelian Cardiomyopathy Genes. Russ J Genet 60, 32–48 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795424010101
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795424010101