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Influence of Cobalt, Cesium, and Combined Stresses on Physiological Parameters and Gene Expression of Two Hullless Barley Varieties

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Abstract

This study investigated the impact of cobalt and cesium stresses on two hulless barley varieties through a hydroponic experiment. The plants were exposed to 200 μM cobalt chloride (Co), 200 μM cesium chloride (Cs), or with concurrent exposure to 100 μM Co + 100 μM Cs. The findings revealed that exposure to Co and Cs, either alone or in combination, caused a substantial reduction in plant growth and weight. Interestingly, the hulless barley seedlings were found to be more resilient to Cs stress, attributed to its lower Cs enrichment factor. The stressed seedlings demonstrated increased oxidative stress levels (malondialdehyde, proline, and \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\bullet - }}\) content), but also displayed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (POD and SOD), active oxygen scavenging capacity (GSH and GSSG content), and gene expression (GSH2, POD and SOD), reflecting a plant defense mechanism. Moreover, the expression of PAL and P5CS genes was significantly enhanced in seedlings under Co, Cs, and (Co + Cs) treatments, providing a basis for the physiological mechanism of heavy metal resistance in hulless barley. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of heavy metal resistance in hulless barley, indicating the plant’s potential for phytoremediation.

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Funding

The work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Qinghai Provincial (2021-ZJ-729). Agricultural resources and environmental protection project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas (125A0605), Qinghai Provincial Forestry and Grassland Bureau (Qing [2022] TG04), Research Team of Stress Tolerance Mechanisms and Molecular Breeding of Plateau Plants, Qinghai Province “Kunlun Talents—Advanced Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents” Program (Team).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, 810008, **ning, Qinghai, China

    F. Qiao & H. C. **e

  2. Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, 810008, **ning, Qinghai, China

    F. Qiao & H. C. **e

  3. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, Qinghai Normal University, 810008, **ning, Qinghai, China

    F. Qiao & H. C. **e

  4. Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, 810016, **ning, China

    G. G. Geng & L. L. Jiang

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  1. F. Qiao
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Correspondence to F. Qiao.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants as objects of research.

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Abbreviations: CAT—catalase; Co—cobalt chloride; Cs—cesium chloride; Cu—copper; GSH2—glutathione synthetase; GSH—reduced glutathione; GSSG—oxidized glutathione; DW—dry weight; FW—fresh weight; H2O2—hydrogen peroxide; MDA—malondialdehyde; \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\bullet - }}\)—superoxide anion radical; ROS—reactive oxygen species; PAL—phenylalanine ammonialyase; POD—peroxidase; P5CS—delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase; SOD—superoxide dismutase.

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Qiao, F., Geng, G.G., **e, H.C. et al. Influence of Cobalt, Cesium, and Combined Stresses on Physiological Parameters and Gene Expression of Two Hullless Barley Varieties. Russ J Plant Physiol 70, 38 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443722603007

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