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Relics of the Eoarchean Continental Crust of the Anabar Shield, Siberian Craton

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Abstract

In the northern part of the Anabar Shield, orthopyroxene plagiogneisses of the granulite Daldyn Group host lenses of mafic rocks surrounded by melanocratic rims. According to their chemical composition, the mafic rocks correspond to subalkaline gabbro, the plagiogneisses correspond to granodiorites contaminated with mafic material, and the rims are diorites. The orthopyroxene plagiogneisses of granodiorite composition have 147Sm/144Nd = 0.1097, εNd(Т) = 1.6, TNd(DM) = 3.47 Ga and are metamorphosed anatectic granitoids with an age of 3.34 Ga. The mafic rocks have high Zr, Th, and Pb contents, are enriched in REE (ΣREE = 636 ppm), with a high degree of fractionation [(La/Yb)N = 17.73] and a well-defined Eu minimum (Eu/Eu* = 0.51), and have 147Sm/144Nd = 0.099, εNd(Т) = 1.4 and TNd(DM) = 3.65 Ga. It is assumed that these rocks crystallized from melt derived from an enriched mantle (plume) source. Based on U–Pb (SHRIMP-II) dating of 50 zircon grains from the mafic rocks, a group of grains with concordant ages from 3567 to 1939 Ma was distinguished, along with a large number of discordant values. Multiple measurements in zircon grains with discordant age values make it possible to identify seven grains of Eoarchean age, with upper intercepts of the discordia corresponding to 3987 ± 71 to 3599 ± 33 Ma. The Lu–Hf systematics of 14 zircon grains is characterized by εHf(T) = +3.7 and by close values of THf(DM) = 3.95 and \({\text{T}}_{{{\text{Hf}}}}^{{\text{C}}}\) = 3.93 Ga (3.99 Ga for the oldest zircon). The Paleoarchean (3.57 Ga) zircons are characterized by negative values of εHf(T) = –5.3 and –6.8, THf(DM) = 3.92–3.98 Ga, and \({\text{T}}_{{{\text{Hf}}}}^{{\text{C}}}\) = 4.14–4.24 Ga, which indicate recycling of the preexisting Eoarchean and Hadean continental crust. The younger zircon (3287–2410 Ma) was also formed when the preexisting crust was recycled.

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Notes

  1. XMg = Mg2+/(Mg2+ + Fe2+), f.u.

  2. Мg# = Mg/(Mg + Fe), molar.

  3. Eu/Eu* = EuN/[SmN × GdN]1/2, Ce/Ce* = CeN/[LaN × PrN]1/2, where EuN, SmN, GdN …(Lu/Gd)N is the concentrations and concentration rations of chondrite-normalized concentrations of elements.

  4. ASI (aluminium saturation index) = Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O), molar.

  5. The results of U–Pb (SHRIMP-II) analysis of zircon are presented in Table ESM_1.xls (Suppl. 1) in the Russian and English on-line versions of this paper, which are available at https://elibrary.ru/ and http://springer.longhoe.net/, respectively.

  6. D, % is discordance: D = 100[(Age(207Pb/206Pb))/ (Age(206Pb/238Pb)) – 1].

  7. LREE-I = (Dy/Nd) + (Dy/Sm).

  8. Porous zircon is interpreted as magmatic zircon altered by dissolution–reprecipitation in the presence of aqueous fluid (Grimes et al., 2009).

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank the reviewers of Petrology for constructive criticism, which led us to significantly improve the manuscript.

Funding

This study was carried out using materials acquired for 1 : 1 000 000 State Geological Map (third generation) of the Russian Federation, Sheet R-49–Olenek. The geochemistry of zircon was studied under government-financed program for the Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences (Project 0153-2019-0002). This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-35-00229/18 mol-a.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute of Geology (VSEGEI), 199106, St. Petersburg, Russia

    N. I. Gusev, L. Yu. Sergeeva & A. N. Larionov

  2. Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences (IGGD), 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    S. G. Skublov

  3. St. Petersburg Mining Institute, 199106, St. Petersburg, Russia

    S. G. Skublov

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  1. N. I. Gusev
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Gusev, N.I., Sergeeva, L.Y., Larionov, A.N. et al. Relics of the Eoarchean Continental Crust of the Anabar Shield, Siberian Craton. Petrology 28, 118–140 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591120020034

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