SpringerLink
Log in

Electrical Conductivity of Rhenium-Containing Ammonium Carbonate Solutions and the Calculation of Its Activation Energy

  • Published:
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Aims and scope

Abstract

The conductometric method is used to study the dependences of the electrical conductivity (EC) of aqueous solutions of ammonium carbonate and solutions of the ammonium carbonate–ammonium perrhenate system on the reagent content in the concentration range 0.1–1.8 mol/L for (NH4)2CO3 and 0.01–0.1 mol/L for NH4ReO4 and on the solution temperature in the range 20–50°C. EC is found to increase linearly with the electrolyte temperature and nonlinearly with the reagent concentration. The temperature coefficients of EC and its activation energies are calculated in the concentration and temperature ranges under study. The EC activation energy is found to decrease as the solution temperature increases. The calculated EC activation energies indicate a diffusion character of charge transfer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Canada)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.

REFERENCES

  1. O. F. Petukhov, K. Sanakulov, M. A. Kurbanov, and U. Z. Sharafutdinov, Rhenium (NGMK, Navoi, 2020).

  2. T. T. Werner, G. M. Mudd, S. M. Jowitt, and D. Huston, “Rhenium mineral resources: A global assessment,” Resources Policy 82, 103441 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. L. Shen, F. Tesfaye, X. Li, D. Lindberg, and P. P. Taskinen, “Review of rhenium extraction and recycling technologies from primary and secondary resources,” Minerals Eng. 161, 106719 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106719

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. L. Ya. Agapova, S. K. Kilibaeva, A. S. Abisheva, and A. S. Sharipova, “Complex electrochemical processing of technical wastes of rhenium-containing heat-resistant nickel alloys,” Non-Ferrous Metals 46 (1), 24–30 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. O. G. Kuznetsova, A. M. Levin, O. I. Tsybin, A. O. Bol’shikh, and V. G. Leont’ev, “Electrical conductivity of ammonium perrhenate solution and the calculation of its activation energy,” Russ. Metall. (Metally), No. 9, 990–995 (2022).

  6. A. A. Palant, I. D. Troshkina, A. M. Chekmarev, and A. I. Kostylev Rhenium Technology (Galleya-Print, Moscow, 2015).

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. G. Kasikov and A. M. Petrov, Rhenium Recycling: A Monograph (ITs RIOR, NITs INFRA-M, Moscow, 2014).

  8. G. A. Kolobov, V. V. Pavlov, A. K. Pecheritsa, and A. D. Prokhorova, “Rhenium recycling from superalloy wastes,” Metallurgiya, No. 2 (40), 44–50 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  9. A. N. Zagorodnyaya, Z. S. Abisheva, and A. S. Sharipova, “Current state of ammonium perrhenate production in Kazakhstan,” in Proceedings of International Scientific–Practice Conference on Rhenium, Tungsten, and Molybdenum 2016: Scientific Research, Technological Developments, and Industrial Use (OAO Institute GINTsVETMET, Moscow, 2016), pp. 27–31.

  10. Handbook of Electrochemistry, Ed. by A. M. Sukhotin (Khimiya, Leningrad, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. Dobos, Electrochemical Data: A Handbook for Electrochemists in Industry and Universities (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  12. A. M. Levin, O. G. Kuznetsova, and M. A. Sevost’yanov, “Electrical conductivity of rhenium-containing ammonium hydroxide solutions,” in Proceedings of Science and Practical Conference on Promising Directions of Interaction of Science and Society for Innovation Development (OMEGA SCIENCE, Ufa, 2020), pp. 17–20.

  13. New Handbook of Chemists and Technologists. Chemical Equilibrium. Properties of Solutions (ANO NPO Professional, St. Petersburg, 2004).

  14. I. L. Knunyants, N. N. Kulov, and I. S. Zefirov, Chemical Encyclopedia (Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya, Moscow, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. Afifi and S. Eisen, Statistical Analysis: Computer Oriented Approach (Mir, Moscow, 1982).

  16. O. G. Kuznetsova, A. M. Levin, M. A. Sevost’yanov, O. I. Tsybin, and A. O. Bol’shikh, “Electrical conductivity of ammonia-alkali solution and its activation energy,” Russ. Metall. (Metally), No. 9, 921–925 (2019).

  17. V. V. Shcherbakov, Yu. M. Artemkina, T. N. Ponamareva, and A. D. Kirillov, “Electrical conductivity of the ammonium–water system,” Zh. Neorg. Khim. 54 (2), 321–323 (2009).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. V. V. Shcherbakov, Z. Salem, V. I. Ermakov, and A. F. Vorob’ev, “Electrical conductivity of aqueous ammonia solutions,” Electrokhim. 28, 283–286 (1992).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. L. T. Vlaev and V. G. Georgieva, “Activation energy of the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid, selenic acid, and potassium tellurate,” Electrokhim. 40 (6), 768–772 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. N. Mashina, Yu. M. Artemkina, and V. V. Shcherbakov, “Temperature dependence of the activation energy of the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of strong electrolytes,” Usp. Khim. Khimich. Tekhnol. 31 (4), 49–51 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. A. Ivanov, “Electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions in binary and ternary water–electrolyte systems,” Zh. Neorg. Khim. 53 (12), 2081–2097 (2008).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. V. V. Shcherbakov, Yu. M. Artemkina, and T. N. Pona-mareva, “Electrical conductivity of concentrated aqueous solutions of propionic acid, sodium propionate, and their mixture,” Electrokhim. 44 (10), 1275–1280 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was carried out by the state task, project no. 075-01176-23-00.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    O. G. Kuznetsova, A. M. Levin, A. O. Bol’shikh, O. M. Levchuk & M. A. Kaplan

Authors
  1. O. G. Kuznetsova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. M. Levin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. O. Bol’shikh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. O. M. Levchuk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. A. Kaplan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to O. G. Kuznetsova.

Ethics declarations

The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Translated by Yu. Ryzhkov

Publisher’s Note.

Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kuznetsova, O.G., Levin, A.M., Bol’shikh, A.O. et al. Electrical Conductivity of Rhenium-Containing Ammonium Carbonate Solutions and the Calculation of Its Activation Energy. Russ. Metall. 2023, 1281–1288 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029523090070

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029523090070

Keywords:

Search

Navigation