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Neurobiological Effects of Combined Exposure to Antiorthostatic Suspension, Quasi-Chronic Gamma Irradiation, and Heavy Ion Irradiation in Rats

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Abstract

We studied neurobiological effects of physical factors modeling interplanetary spaceflight conditions—microgravity (modeled by antiorthostatic suspension) and deep space radiation (modeled by quasi-chronic gamma irradiation and head irradiation by 12C ions)—in Long-Evans male rats, taking into account typological characteristics of their higher nervous activity (HNA). We investigated behavioral changes, as well as the dynamics of EEG and neurochemical processes in the brain regions responsible for cognition and emotions (frontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus). We found differences in the effects of the above factors on orientation-exploratory activity and cognitive functions in control vs. exposed rats, as well as in animals of different HNA typologies (“excitable” vs. “inhibited”). These differences were underlain by the shift in the balance of the main inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, GABA and glutamate, as well as in the dopaminergic system. Specifically, rats with the predominance of excitation learnt faster but were inferior to rats with the predominance of inhibition in retaining new skills. We also found some changes in the ratio of main EEG rhythms, elicited by experimental exposures.

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Funding

This work was implemented within the basic theme 65.2 of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    A. A. Perevezentsev, K. B. Lebedeva-Georgievskaya, O. S. Kuznetsova, V. S. Kudrin & A. S. Shtemberg

  2. V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia

    V. S. Kudrin

  3. A.A. Logunov Institute for High Energy Physics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Protvino, Russia

    V. A. Pikalov

Authors
  1. A. A. Perevezentsev
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  2. K. B. Lebedeva-Georgievskaya
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  3. O. S. Kuznetsova
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  4. V. S. Kudrin
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  5. V. A. Pikalov
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  6. A. S. Shtemberg
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Contributions

Methodology and experimental design (A.S.Sh., A.A.P.); experimental exposures, behavioral testing (V.A.P., A.A.P., O.S.K.); electroencephalography, data processing (K.B.L.-G.); neurochemical studies (V.S.K.).

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. S. Shtemberg.

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COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICAL STANDARDS

All experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with ethical standards approved by legal acts of the Russian Federation and principles of the Basel Declaration. The protocol of experiments was approved by the Bioethics Committee at IBMP RAS (minutes no. 600 of 07.10.2021).

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Translated by A. Polyanovsky

Russian Text © The Author(s), 2023, published in Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2023, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 348–365https://doi.org/10.31857/S086981392303007X.

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Perevezentsev, A.A., Lebedeva-Georgievskaya, K.B., Kuznetsova, O.S. et al. Neurobiological Effects of Combined Exposure to Antiorthostatic Suspension, Quasi-Chronic Gamma Irradiation, and Heavy Ion Irradiation in Rats. J Evol Biochem Phys 59, 484–496 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093023020151

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