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Variations of Cosmic Rays with Various Energies in the Minima of Solar Activity Cycles

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Abstract

Changes in the global magnetic field of the Sun, the main parameter that modulates cosmic rays, lead to changes in the characteristics of solar activity and the heliospheric field. In this paper we consider the question of the response to a long-term weakening of the solar global magnetic field in the long-term modulation of cosmic rays of various energies in cycles with various directions of the polar magnetic field of the Sun. The 1991–2020 period, which includes two intervals with positive and negative directions of the solar global magnetic field, is analyzed. The study was performed based on continuous observations of cosmic rays by a network of neutron monitors, telescopes, and stratospheric balloons. The spectrum of variations for particles with an effective rigidity of Reff = 5, 10, 20 GV was determined using our version of the global survey method. From 2018 to the present, a flat maximum of the cosmic ray flux is observed in the cycle 24/25 minimum, which confirms the drift theory of modulation for the positive direction of the global magnetic field on the Sun. During this period, low-energy variations (observed on spacecraft and in the stratosphere) exceed the value of variations in the base period (1987) by ~ 8% and is 0.8 of the maximal variation in the anomalous minimum of 23/24 in 2009. The maximal flux of particles of medium and high energies observed by neutron monitors and telescopes is by 1–2% lower than the 23/24 maximum. Their modeling contributes to the understanding of the process of modulation of cosmic rays by the electromagnetic fields of the heliosphere. In our proposed multiparameter model, the long-period modulation is described (with allowance for the delay) by a number of heliospheric characteristics.

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7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to the teams of the worldwide network of cosmic ray stations that provide data on continuous registration of the neutron component: (http://cr0.izmiran.ru/ ThankYou/Our_Acknowledgment.pdf). We also acknowledge the NMDB database (www.nmdb.eu). The work is based on the experimental data of USI “Russian National Network of Cosmic Ray Stations”.

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  1. Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), 142191, Moscow, Troitsk, Russia

    V. G. Yanke, A. V. Belov & R. T. Gushchina

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  1. V. G. Yanke
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  2. A. V. Belov
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  3. R. T. Gushchina
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Correspondence to V. G. Yanke.

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Translated by A. Ivanov

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Yanke, V.G., Belov, A.V. & Gushchina, R.T. Variations of Cosmic Rays with Various Energies in the Minima of Solar Activity Cycles. Geomagn. Aeron. 62, 347–355 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S001679322204017X

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