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Two Subcompartments of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum in Perisynaptic Astrocytic Processes: Ultrastructure and Distribution in Hippocampal and Neocortical Synapses

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Abstract—

Perisynaptic astrocytic processes involved in the tripartite synapse functioning respond to its activation by local depolarization with calcium ions release from the intracellular stores inside nodes of astrocytic processes and develop local or generalized calcium events. However, based on the first electron microscopy studies the opinion was formed that terminal astrocytic lamellae are devoid of any organelles, including the main astrocytic calcium store – the cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Indeed, the analysis of smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternae could be limited by their weak electron contrast, the studying of astrocytic processes on single sections, and insufficient optical resolution of the equipment used. Here, using serial section transmission electron microscopy and 3D reconstructions, we analyzed astrocytic processes in murine hippocampal and cortical synapses. As a result of unit membranes contrast enhancement, it was shown for the first time that perisynaptic processes of astrocytes with a morphology of thin branchlets contained two types of smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and microvesicles. Unlike branchlets, membranous organelles inside terminal lamellae were comprised by only short fragments of thin smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and microvesicles, whose groups tended to be located in close proximity to active zones of the most active synapses. This paper discusses both the reliability of alternative electron microscopy methods while studying astrocytic microenvironment of synapses and structure-function aspects of smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternae compartmentalization inside the perisynaptic processes of astrocytes.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The work was performed on the equipment of the Shared Core Facilities of the Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research (No. 670266, http://www.ckprf.ru/ckp/670266/).

Funding

The study was conducted within the framework of the State Task of the PSC RAS, project no. 075-00957-23-01; with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-34-90068.

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  1. Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, Russia

    E. A. Shishkova & V. V. Rogachevsky

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  1. E. A. Shishkova
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Correspondence to V. V. Rogachevsky.

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Experiments on anesthetized and unanesthetized animals were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Animals 2010/63/EU. All applicable international, national and institutional principles for the care and use of animals in the performance of work have been observed.

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Shishkova, E.A., Rogachevsky, V.V. Two Subcompartments of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum in Perisynaptic Astrocytic Processes: Ultrastructure and Distribution in Hippocampal and Neocortical Synapses. BIOPHYSICS 68, 246–258 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006350923020215

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