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Hypothesis on Pollution of Neuronal Membranes, Epilepsy and Ketogenic Diet

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Abstract

Taking into account recent facts, Altrup’s neuron’s membrane pollution hypothesis for epilepsy is dealt with. This hypothesis links paroxysmal depolarization shifts observed during epileptic activity, and single-neuron pacemaker potentials. Membrane’s physicochemical characteristics, fluidity and pollution influence on its capability to conduct impulses and polarize. Previously used means of epilepsy treatment based on the ketogenic diet, as well as their possible mechanisms are discussed on the light of Altrup’s hypothesis. Among possible action mechanisms for ketogenic diet, we underline ketone bodies antiepileptic action, the role of increased synthesis of glutathione and the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and cholesterol as components included into the ketogenic diet. These three mechanisms, among others, lead to a regulation of fluidity and other biophysical properties of the membrane bilayer as well as to a cleansing of the membrane from amphiphilic polluters, in accordance with Altrup’s hypothesis.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors consider as a pleasant duty to thank O. Ostroumova, Yuri Ermakov, Denis Semyonov and Leonid Yakovenko for useful discussions, and I. Lavrinenko for technical assistance. We are also deeply grateful to the referee for careful reading our paper, positive feedback as well as interesting questions.

Funding

This work was performed under the support of the Cuban Science Foundation (FONCI)—Project on non-pharmacological antiepileptic therapy—coordinated by the Cuban Center for Neurosciences, and also was supported by the Program for Basic Research of State Academies of Sciences of Russia for 2013–2020 (topics nos. 01201363818 and 01201363820).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    Yu. D. Nechipurenko

  2. Cuban Center for Neurosciences, 15202, Playa, Havana, Cuba

    R. C. Garcia Reyes & J. L. Hernandez Caceres

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  1. Yu. D. Nechipurenko
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  2. R. C. Garcia Reyes
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  3. J. L. Hernandez Caceres
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Correspondence to Yu. D. Nechipurenko or J. L. Hernandez Caceres.

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Acronyms: PDS—paroxysmal depolarization shift, KD—ketogenic diet, PUFA—polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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Nechipurenko, Y.D., Reyes, R.C. & Caceres, J.L. Hypothesis on Pollution of Neuronal Membranes, Epilepsy and Ketogenic Diet. BIOPHYSICS 66, 956–964 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006350921060129

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