Extended Data Figure 2: Molchan skill²⁰, S, for intraplate seismicity for an expanded set of models.

We show results for three Moho models: CUB⁴⁷, LM12S³ (S wave version) and LP¹¹ (as used in the main text, compare Extended Data Fig. 1a–c), estimates of LAB thickness from receiver functions (Extended Data Fig. 1d) and elastic thickness, and two kinds of GPE models, as in the main text, gradients thereof, geodynamic model predictions, and kinematic models for the western United States (Fig. 1). Dashed lines indicate the regions outside of which results are 95% significant. This more comprehensive analysis confirms the conclusions about relative model performance.