Abstract
Immigration from Bangladesh to India is a contentious and sensitive topic in Indian politics. Millions of Bangladeshis fled to India both legitimately and surreptitiously after the partition. The continuous flow of Bangladeshi immigrants has far-reaching implications for Indian politics. The political actors use a variety of negative connotations, traits, and expressions to portray immigration as a potential threat. This study investigates how Indian parliamentary discussions securitise Bangladeshi immigration. The involvement of political actors, their political ideologies, and the platform of presentation play a basic role in framing the discourse. This study analyses the discourse using data from Parliamentary questions from 2001 to 2020. The discourse-historical approach developed by Ruth Wodak is used as the methodological framework. This work uses the topos of number, threat, abuse, law, and right as the key argumentative strategies. After examining the Parliamentary debates on Bangladeshi immigration, this study finds that the arguments raised during these debates contribute to the intensification of the securitization discourse.
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Data availability
The Parliamentary questions of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha of Indian Parliament are available in https://loksabha.nic.in/lsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. and https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx.
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Rajya Sabha Debate (2009g) Bangladeshi Infiltrators Deported to Bangladesh. Session 214, Question No. 1016. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 17 July 2020
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Rajya Sabha Debate (2010b) Bangladeshis rounded up and deported. Session 220, Question No. 1107. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 18 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2010c) Cattle smuggling on Indo Bangladesh border. Session 220, Question No. 256. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 18 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2011a) Infiltrators from Bangladesh in West Bengal. Session 222, Question No. 228. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 14 July 2022
Rajya Sabha Debate (2011b) Bangladeshi infiltrators Biggest threat to the Capital. Session 222, Question No. 1461. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 16 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2012a) Illegal immigration in India. Session 225, Question No. 864. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 18 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2012b) Target fixed for fencing along Bangladesh border. Session 225, Question No. 3627. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 18 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2012c) Smuggling on Indo Bangladesh border. Session 225, Question No. 4400. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 18 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2013) Curbing infiltration from Bangladesh. Session 230, Question No. 693. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 19 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2014a) Increase in number of illegal immigrants. Session 230, Question No. 2259. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 17 May 2021
Rajya Sabha Debate (2014b) Forcible conversion of Hindus in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Session 230, Question No. 337. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 12 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2014c) Infiltration of Bangladeshis in India. Session 232, Question No. 2968. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 20 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2014d) Illegal detentions and arrest. Session 233, Question No. 2739. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 20 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2014e) Survey of illegal immigrants from Bangladesh. Session 233, Question No. 2732. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 20 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2015a) Infiltratin from Bangladesh along West Bengal border. Session 234, Question No. 1030. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 17 May 2021
Rajya Sabha Debate (2015b) Infiltration through sea route. Session 234, Question No. 2301. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 20 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2015c) Deportation of illegal Bangladeshis. Session 236, Question No. 213. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 20 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2016) Deportation of illegal Bangladeshi migrants. Session 241, Question No. 55. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 20 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2017a) Assistance to terrorists in border areas. Session 242, Question No. 697. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 12 July 2020
Rajya Sabha Debate (2017b) Infiltrators using SIM card of Bangladesh based mobile companies. Session 243, Question no. 1166. https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Questions/qsearch.aspx. Accessed 20 July 2020
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Das, S., Anisujjaman, M. Indian parliamentary discourse and securitization of Bangladeshi immigration into India. SN Soc Sci 2, 263 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00560-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00560-z