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Acid functionalized carbons as catalyst for glycerol etherification with benzyl alcohol

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Abstract

In this paper, the catalytic behaviour of two different carbonaceous systems, commercial carbon (Cc) and synthetic carbon (Cs) functionalized with concentrated sulfuric acid (–SO3H) and with reduced aryl diazonium salt (–PhSO3H), was studied in the etherification of glycerol (Gly) with benzyl alcohol (BA). The catalytic activity and selectivity were studied varying the catalyst percentage (5, 10 and 15 wt%) and the initial reactant mass ratio. Taking into account the results obtained, the experimental conditions selected to continue with the catalytic studies were: temperature 393 K, Gly:BA molar ratio 3:1 and a catalyst loading of 10 wt%. Mono- and diethers were the main products. For the Cc-based catalysts, higher conversion (66%) and selectivity (90%) were obtained with the most acidic system, Cc–PhSO3H. Changing the carbon functionalization method (–PhSO3H for –SO3H groups) produced a considerable increase in glycerol conversion (from 23 to 66%) and in selectivity to ME + DE (from 62 to 90%). On the other hand, for both Cs-based systems a great increase in performance was obtained, about 95% conversion after 360 min of reaction. Monoether was the major product of the reaction with a selectivity of 79% for Cs–SO3H and 87% for Cs–PhSO3H, which was maintained with reuse.

Graphic abstract

Etherification of glycerol (Gly) with benzyl alcohol (BA) with two carbonaceous systems synthesized in the laboratory and functionalized with –SO3H and –PhSO3H.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Projects X633 and X700), CONICET (PIP Nº 0276) and ANPCyT (PICT 2014-0679) from Argentina. The authors are grateful to Pablo Fetsis, CINDECA technician, for BET analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas “Dr. Jorge J. Ronco” (CINDECA), CCT La Plata-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 N° 257, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    María E. Chiosso, Ileana D. Lick, Mónica L. Casella & Andrea B. Merlo

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  1. María E. Chiosso
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  2. Ileana D. Lick
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  3. Mónica L. Casella
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  4. Andrea B. Merlo
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Correspondence to Andrea B. Merlo.

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Chiosso, M.E., Lick, I.D., Casella, M.L. et al. Acid functionalized carbons as catalyst for glycerol etherification with benzyl alcohol. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 37, 129–137 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-019-00002-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-019-00002-z

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