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Characterization and evaluation of extracellular hydrolytic proteins from rhizobacterial antagonists isolated from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris infected chickpea fields

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Abstract

In the present study, twenty-six rhizobacterial antagonists of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc), isolated from Foc infected chickpea fields were evaluated for their protein secretion. Exoprotein liberation by rhizobacterial antagonists lied in the range between 28.2 and 795 μg/ml, where maximum exoprotein was recorded by isolate Ps47, followed by Ps45 (795.0 µg/ml) and Ps44 (578.2 μg/ml). Further observation of hydrolytic proteins, revealed most of the bacterial antagonists to exhibit proteolytic, amylolytic, chitinolytic as well as cellulose degrading potential on minimal agar plates, supplemented with respective substrates. About 73 and 80% of the antagonists were found positive for chitinolytic and cellulolytic activity respectively, where isolate Ba18 scored maximum hydrolytic index for chitin and Ba10 exhibited highest cellulose hydrolytic index of 2.1. Assay for proteases, denoted 84.6% of isolates to produce lysis zones, when gelatin was used as protein source, where 80% of isolates showed hydrolytic activity for casein supplemented minimal salt (MS) agar. SDS-PAGE analysis for the presence of hydrolytic enzymes in the extracellular crude protein revealed Pseudomonas isolate Ps45 and Bacillus Ba1a to exhibit a range of protein bands between 5 and 150 kDa, belonging to several group of proteases, amylases, chitinases and cellulases. Scanning Electron Microscopic examinations of the interaction zones between fungal pathogen (Foc) and isolate Ps45, revealed hyphal distortion due to lysis effect with scanty mycelial growth compared to control, that was maintained without any bacterial treatment. Screening and characterization of bacterial strains with the ability to produce a range of lytic enzymes will greatly enhance our understanding for their exploitation in the management of soil borne fungal pathogens.

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Acknowledgements

The present investigation was conducted at Pulses section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University. The authors are thankful to Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India for further support and Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, for funding as doctoral fellowship to the first as well as the corresponding author of the manuscript.

Funding

The authors are thankful to Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India for providing facilities and Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, for funding as doctoral fellowship to the first as well as the corresponding author of the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India

    Suman Kumari

  2. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India

    Veena Khanna

  3. ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India

    Alla Singh

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First author: Dr. (Mrs.) SK (Corresponding Author). Specific contribution: Planning and execution of the represented research work, Writing and editing of the manuscript. Second author: Dr. (Mrs.) VK. Specific contribution: Planning of the experiments included in this study, reviewing the manuscript. Third author: Dr. AS. Specific contribution: Assistance in the experiments especially SDS-PAGE analysis included in this study.

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Kumari, S., Khanna, V. & Singh, A. Characterization and evaluation of extracellular hydrolytic proteins from rhizobacterial antagonists isolated from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris infected chickpea fields. Indian Phytopathology 75, 165–177 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-021-00443-y

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