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TiO2 Sensitized by Natural Dye Extracted from Cinnamon Bark for Photodegradation of Methylene Blue in Water Under LED Irradiation

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Abstract

This study utilizes natural-dye-sensitized photocatalysts (NDSPs) as cost-effective and ecologically safe materials for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants such as methylene blue (MB). A natural dye extracted from cinnamon powder has been established to sensitize TiO2, effectively creating a visible sunlight-driven photocatalyst. The sensitization of TiO2 by cinnamon extract was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). There was no change in the phase and morphology of TiO2 after sensitization. The enhancement of light absorbance in the visible region of TiO2 after being sensitized by cinnamon was confirmed by UV–visible diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The photocatalytic removal of methylene blue by cinnamon-sensitized TiO2 (TiO2-CI) was optimized by studying the impact of different factors (irradiation time, photocatalyst amount, pH, light power, and starting concentration of MB). Efficient removal of 87% was achieved with 100 ppm of TiO2-CI, a pH of 10.7, and 20 ppm of MB within 20 min of visible irradiation, with an increase of 80% compared to pristine TiO2. The photocatalytic decomposition kinetics of MB were modeled in pseudo-first order. Furthermore, the TiO2-CI catalyst, once recovered, has the potential for regeneration with the addition of a new cinnamon extract, enabling subsequent reuse.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment, and Analytical Methods (MCEMA), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon

    Khaled Chawraba, Hussein Medlej, Joumana Toufaily & Tayssir Hamieh

  2. LEADDER Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and EDST, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon

    Khaled Chawraba, Hussein Medlej & Joumana Toufaily

  3. CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, University of Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France

    Khaled Chawraba & Jacques Lalevee

  4. Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), P.O. Box 30014, Khalde, Lebanon

    Hussein Medlej

  5. University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    Jacques Lalevee

  6. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Tayssir Hamieh

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  1. Khaled Chawraba
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  2. Hussein Medlej
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  3. Joumana Toufaily
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  4. Jacques Lalevee
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  5. Tayssir Hamieh
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Correspondence to Khaled Chawraba or Hussein Medlej.

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Chawraba, K., Medlej, H., Toufaily, J. et al. TiO2 Sensitized by Natural Dye Extracted from Cinnamon Bark for Photodegradation of Methylene Blue in Water Under LED Irradiation. Chemistry Africa 7, 2087–2101 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-024-00890-w

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