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Improving the Surface Roughness of Dental Implant Fixture by Considering the Size, Angle and Spraying Pressure of Sandblast Particles

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Abstract

In this study, different conditions of sandblasting on dental implant fixtures were investigated to achieve the best sandblasting conditions. 18 different sandblasting conditions (Using 152 implant fixture samples) were examined, including parameters such as particle size, particle blasting pressure, and particle blasting angle. The surface treatment of the samples was performed using the SLA + Anodizing method. AFM testing was performed for each of the 18 different states, and the average surface roughness of each of these was compared with each other. Then, a bone layer was placed on the sample with the closest average surface roughness to the standard and the least amount of aluminum oxide on its surface among the 18 different states, to confirm the accuracy and quality of the desired surface roughness by examining the bone formation process and speed. The results showed that state No. 4 (sandblast particle size: 75 µm, spraying pressure of sandblast particles: 4 bar, sandblast particle spraying angle: 30 degrees), which was prepared using the SLA + Anodizing method and had a surface roughness of 1.989 µm (The percentage of Al2O3 on the surface = 6%), had the best sandblasting conditions and showed 95% cell viability and accelerated the treatment and bone formation process for about a week. The simulation results, using Abaqus software, indicated that the stress distribution on the surface of the implant fixture in contact with the bone surface has increased by approximately 4.3% for state No. 4. This will help prevent loosening of the dental implant fixture over time.

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The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and/or its supplementary materials as requested.

Abbreviations

SLA:

Sandblasted large grit acid etched

SLA + Anodizing:

Sandblasted large grit acid etched + anodizing

AFM:

Atomic force microscope

EDAX:

Energy dispersive analysis X-ray

MTT:

Molecular cytotoxicity test

FESEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscopy

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dorin Kasht Mana Company, the largest manufacturer of dental implant systems in Iran, and especially Dr. Ali Asgar Malek Altojjari, the founder of the company, for their support and for providing the information and guidance of the brand 3A.

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  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Ehsan Anbarzadeh & Bijan Mohammadi

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  1. Ehsan Anbarzadeh
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Correspondence to Bijan Mohammadi.

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Anbarzadeh, E., Mohammadi, B. Improving the Surface Roughness of Dental Implant Fixture by Considering the Size, Angle and Spraying Pressure of Sandblast Particles. J Bionic Eng 21, 303–324 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-023-00422-1

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