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Atropa belladonna belongs to the Solanaceae family. In September 2015, leaf samples were collected from six A. belladonna plants with visible virus-like symptoms growing around a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant with mosaic symptoms in Shandong Province, China, and were suspected to be infected with tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) (Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2). To identify the causative virus, total RNA was extracted from the A. belladonna samples using total RNA kit (Tiangen Biotech, Co., Ltd, Bei**g, China), and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using ToMV-specific primers (Ge et al. 2012). The 480-bp amplicons generated were then sequenced using the Sanger method (Supplementary Fig. 3). BLASTn comparison of the sequencing results confirmed the presence of ToMV, and was submitted to the GenBank database (A. belladonna, OK144230). A phylogenetic tree using the ToMV coat protein was constructed with the amplified ToMV-W1 (OK144230) sequence and representative ToMV sequences from the GenBank database (Supplementary Fig. 4). The A. belladonna ToMV isolates were in an independent branch with ToMV isolates from China (JQ966552, JX982095, and JX982097) and the ToMV-W1 isolate shared 100% nucleotide sequence identity with Chinese ToMV isolates. Twelve tomato plants at the six-leaf stage were equally divided into test and control groups administered either 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or crude homogenate ToMV infected A. belladona. One week after inoculation, all plants that were administered with the ToMV infected A. belladona crude homogenate displayed mosaic symptoms, whereas plants in the control group remained symptom free. Total RNA was extracted from the uninoculated leaves of the control and test plants and ToMV was detected only in the symptomatic test plants by RT-PCR (Supplementary Fig. 5). To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. belladonna as a natural host of ToMV.
References
Ge BB, Liu GJ, Wang HQ (2012) First report of tomato mosaic virus infecting pepino in China. Plant Dis 96:1704. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-12-0475-PDN
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (ZR2017MC061) and the Shandong Provincial Agricultural Major Applied Technology Innovation Project (SD2019ZZ004).
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Sun, X., Qiao, N., Zang, L. et al. First report of tomato mosaic virus infecting Atropa belladonna in China. J Plant Pathol 105, 1687 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01418-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01418-w