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Adsorption Activity of Spent Coffee Grounds Biochar for the Removal of Vivizole Red 3BS Dye from Aqueous Solution

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Abstract

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) is rich in carbon, and slow pyrolysis can convert biomass into biochar that can be used as an adsorbent to remove dyes. In one-step carbonization and activation of SCG, iron (III) chloride and K2CO3 were used as a catalyst and solid-state activator, respectively. The predictive model for the removal of the dye by the activated SCG biochar was evaluated through response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD). ANOVA result analysis showed that among the model terms, the effect of pH was the most significant in removing the Vivizole Red 3 BS 150% (VR 3BS) dye. The optimum values suggested by the CCD were an initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, pH 3, an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g per 100 mL, and a contact time of 60 min, where the optimum removal of the dye was 94%. The optimum conditions were validated using synthetic and textile wastewater, and the percent removals of the VR 3BS dye by the activated SCG were 96% and 90%, respectively. The dye removal efficiency of activated SCG biochar was more significant than that of commercial activated carbon. The Langmuir model best described the adsorption isotherm. Adsorption kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model. Both intraparticle and film diffusions affected the dye's adsorption rate. The thermodynamics study has shown that the adsorption process was a spontaneous, less random, exothermic process governed by a physical sorption mechanism. Thermal regeneration of the exhausted biochar improved VR 3BS dye removal efficiency. Lab-scale cost estimation for the production of biochar from SCG biomass shows that improvement in production efficiency would lead to economic feasibility.

Highlights

  • Spent coffee grounds (SCG) is a useful agricultural waste rich in carbon source.

  • One-step carbonization and activation of SCG result in an adsorbent with a high surface area.

  • Iron (III) chloride and potassium carbonate were used as a catalyst and as activating agent, respectively.

  • Activated SCG biochar can be used to remove VR 3BS dye from an aqueous solution.

  • VR 3BS dye removal efficiency of activated biochar is better than commercial activated carbon.

  • Thermal regeneration of the exhausted biochar improved VR 3BS dye removal efficiency.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Africa Centre of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University and the Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University. The authors would like to extend thanks to Robera Plc, Coffee and Roasted Coffee Processing Company, Addis Ababa, for providing spent coffee grounds. The acknowledgement for the Raman measurement goes to: Dr Victoria García Rocha, Investigador Ramón y Cajal, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Africa Center of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Admasu Adamu, Feleke Zewge & Yonas Chebude

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Feleke Zewge & Yonas Chebude

Authors
  1. Admasu Adamu
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  2. Feleke Zewge
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  3. Yonas Chebude
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Contributions

AA: conceptualization, methodology, visualization, investigation, writing original draft, review and editing. YC (PhD): supervision, manuscript reviewing and editing. FZ (Prof.): supervision.

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Correspondence to Admasu Adamu.

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Adamu, A., Zewge, F. & Chebude, Y. Adsorption Activity of Spent Coffee Grounds Biochar for the Removal of Vivizole Red 3BS Dye from Aqueous Solution. Int J Environ Res 17, 46 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00535-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00535-9

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