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The Faja Eruptiva of the Eastern Puna and the Sierra de Calalaste, NW Argentina: U–Pb zircon chronology of the early Famatinan orogeny

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Abstract

The Famatinian is a segment of the Ordovician Terra Australis accretionary orogen that stretched along the SW Margin of Gondwana from Australia to Colombia. The present knowledge of this orogenic segment still is incomplete. We present geochemistry and U–Pb SHRIMP zircon geochronology of igneous and metamorphic rocks from the Central Famatinian Domain, one of the several domains recognized by Rapela et al. (Earth Sci Rev 187: 259–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.10.006) that includes the northern Sierras Pampeanas and the southern Puna of North West Argentina. Six samples of igneous rocks (peraluminous granitoids, mafic and felsic rocks, volcanic/subvolcanic rocks) and six samples of associated meta-sedimentary rocks, all from the Puna were dated and chemically analysed. The results indicate that the Central Famatinian Domain is in turn a composite domain that includes a Cordilleran-type magmatic arc (ca. 470 Ma) and a yuxtaposed fault-bounded older terrain formed in an extensional setting at the very start of the Famatinian orogeny, between 480 and 485 Ma, i.e., shortly after the SW Gondwana margin switched from passive to active. This short period of extension with related sedimentation, volcanism and mainly granitoid plutonism has not been previously recognised. It occurred before the Cordilleran-type magmatic arc -that resulted from a magmatic flare-up between ca. 473 and 468 Ma-, set up coincident with a contractional phase. The evidence confirms that accretionary orogeny results from tectonic switching (pull–push orogeny) and that the extensional and contractional phases are of relatively short duration.

Resumen

El cinturón Famatiniano es un segmento del orógeno acreccionario ordovícico Terra Australis, que se extendía a lo largo del margen SW de Gondwana desde Australia hasta Colombia. El conocimiento de este cinturón es todavía muy incompleto. En este trabajo se ha realizado geoquímica y geocronología U-Pb SHRIMP en circón en rocas ígneas y metamórficas del Dominio Famatiniano Central (Rapela et al., 2016) en el norte de las Sierras Pampeanas y el sur de la Puna en el noroeste de Argentina. Se han datado y analizado químicamente seis muestras de rocas ígneas (granitoides peraluminosos y rocas volcánicas/subvolcánicas maficas y felsicas) y seis muestras de rocas metasedimentarias asociadas, de la Puna meridional, principalmente. Los resultados indican que el Dominio Famatiniano Central es un dominio compuesto, que incluye un arco magmático de tipo Cordillerano con magmatismo de tipo I (ca. 470 Ma) y un terreno más antiguo, yuxtapuestos en la actualidad mediante fallas ándicas. Este último se formó en un contexto de extensión al comienzo de la orogénesis Famatiniana, entre ca. 480 y 485 Ma., en el margen SO de Gondwana, poco después de que cambiara de pasivo a activo. Este breve período de extensión, con sedimentación relacionada, vulcanismo y, principalmente, plutonismo granitoide, no había sido reconocido previamente y tuvo lugar antes de que se instalara el arco magmático de tipo Cordillerano como resultado de un flare-up magmático entre 473 y 468 Ma, coincidente, a su vez, con una fase de contracción. Esta evidencia confirma que la orogénesis acreccionaria es el resultado de la permutación tectónica (tectonic switching) entre fases de extensión y contracción (pull-push orogeny) y que estas son de duración relativamente corta.

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Modified after Suzaño et al. (2017b)

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Acknowledgements

This paper is a contribution to research Grant CGL2016-76439-P from the Spanish Mineco (Ministery of Economy) and PICT-0619 FONCyT (Argentina). The paper is a tribute of the PAMPRE research group to Dra. Carmen Galindo who passed away on September the 30th, 2019. She was a beloved member of the group since the very beginning in 1994. This is the IBERSIMS publication Nº 75.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad Complutense (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain

    C. Casquet & C. Galindo

  2. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), Prov. de La Rioja-UNLaR-SEGEMAR-UNCa-CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza, 5301, Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina

    P. Alasino & M. Larrovere

  3. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Naturales (INGeReN), CENIIT-UNLaR, Av. Gobernador Vernet y Apóstol Felipe, 5300, La Rioja, Argentina

    P. Alasino & M. Larrovere

  4. Visiting Research Associate, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK

    R. Pankhurst

  5. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Tierra (CICTERRA), CONICET-UNC Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina

    J. Dahlquist, E. G. Baldo, C. Ramacciotti & S. Verdecchia

  6. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (CIG), CONICET-UNLP, Calle 1 No. 644, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    C. W. Rapela

  7. Área de Petrología y Geoquímica, Dto. de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, Pza. de Los Caídos, S/N, 37008, Salamanca, Spain

    C. Recio

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  1. C. Casquet
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  2. P. Alasino
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  3. C. Galindo
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  7. C. Ramacciotti
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  8. S. Verdecchia
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  9. M. Larrovere
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  11. C. Recio
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Correspondence to C. Casquet.

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Casquet, C., Alasino, P., Galindo, C. et al. The Faja Eruptiva of the Eastern Puna and the Sierra de Calalaste, NW Argentina: U–Pb zircon chronology of the early Famatinan orogeny. J Iber Geol 47, 15–37 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-020-00150-z

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