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Barremian synrift sedimentation in the Oliete sub-basin (Iberian Basin, Spain): palaeogeographical evolution and distribution of vertebrate remains

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Abstract

A review of the onset of the synrift sedimentation and synsedimentary extensional tectonics of the Oliete sub-basin (northwestern Maestrazgo basin, East Spain) is presented here based on new data acquired after extensive sedimentological, structural and palaeontological analysis of the Barremian Blesa Fm. The lower boundary of the Blesa Fm is a prominent basal synrift unconformity overlying Jurassic units. This formation has been divided into three genetic stratigraphic sequences bounded by sub-basin-wide unconformities. The lower Blesa sequence (LBS) is characterized by distal alluvial to palustrine marls/clays grading upward to palustrine–lacustrine limestones. The LBS is bounded on top by a planar to irregular transgressive, hardened ferruginous surface, locally encrusted by oysters. Above this discontinuity, the middle Blesa sequence consists of oyster-rich limestones and marls deposited in a shallow restricted bay, which grade to distal alluvial and palustrine–lacustrine marls/clays and limestones towards the marginal areas of the basin. The boundary between the middle and upper Blesa sequence (UBS) is a regressive surface outlined by the local presence of an erosive conglomeratic bed. The UBS generally starts with red clays deposited in distal alluvial fan environments, which grade upwards to palustrine and lacustrine carbonates and marls/clays. The local presence of heterolithic alternations of clay with fine-to-medium sandstone and of cross-bedded sandstones indicates the local occurrence of siliciclastic coastal environments in the UBS. The upper boundary of the Blesa Fm is marked by widespread transgression, giving rise to the bioclastic limestones of the Alacón Fm. In the present paper, the stratigraphic position and palaeoenvironmental context of the abundant vertebrate remains found across the defined sequences within the Blesa Formation is reviewed. The results obtained are relevant for a further understanding of the tectosedimentary evolution of the studied basin. Successive stages of evolution are distinguished, including the initial uplift, breakup and erosion of the earlier Jurassic carbonate platform that took place during the Tithonian–Hauterivian; the onset of synrift sedimentation during the early Barremian, which was highly controlled by extensional faulting and differential block subsidence; the homogenization of the basin subsidence accompanied by the incursion of marine waters (sourced from southeastern areas) during the middle part of the Barremian; and the significant fall in base level, of possible climatic origin and also involving significant siliciclastic input in the northern areas of the Oliete sub-basin around the middle part of the late Barremian.

Resumen

Este trabajo es una revisión de la sedimentación sin-rift barremiense y la tectónica extensional en la subcuenca de Oliete (noroeste del Maestrazgo, este de España), a partir de datos previos y nuevos datos adquiridos después de un extenso análisis sedimentológico, estructural y paleontológico de la Fm. Blesa. El límite inferior de la Fm. Blesa es una discordancia basal sin-rift que recubre las unidades jurásicas. La unidad se ha dividido en tres secuencias genéticas delimitadas por discontinuidades en toda la subcuenca. La secuencia Blesa inferior (LBS) se caracteriza por margas/arcillas aluviales a palustres y calizas palustres-lacustres hacia techo. Su límite superior es una superficie transgresiva neta representada por una superficie ferruginosa irregular, localmente encostrada por ostras. La secuencia Blesa media (MBS) consiste en calizas y margas ricas en ostras depositadas en una bahía restringida poco profunda, que pasan lateralmente hacia áreas marginales de la cuenca a calizas palustres-lacustres y margas/arcillas aluviales distales. El límite con la secuencia Blesa superior (UBS) es una superficie regresiva erosiva asociada localmente a niveles conglomeráticos. La UBS comienza generalmente con arcillas rojas de abanicos aluviales distales, que hacia techo pasan calizas y margas/arcillas palustres-lacustres. La presencia local de alternancias heterolíticas de arcillas y areniscas de grano fino y medio, y de areniscas con estratificación cruzada, indica ambientes costeros siliciclásticos. El límite superior de la Fm. Blesa está marcado por una transgresión generalizada (calizas bioclásticas de la Fm. Alacón). En el presente trabajo, se revisa también la posición estratigráfica y el contexto paleoambiental de los abundantes restos de vertebrados encontrados teniendo como base el nuevo esquema de secuencias definido dentro de la Fm. Blesa. Los resultados obtenidos son relevantes para una mayor comprensión de la evolución tectosedimentaria de la subcuenca de Oliete. Se distinguen sucesivas etapas de evolución, incluyendo: 1) levantamiento inicial, ruptura y erosión del de las calizas de plataforma del Jurásico, que tuvo lugar durante el Titoniense-Hauteriviense; 2) inicio de la sedimentación durante el Barremiense inferior, controlada por fallas extensionales y hundimiento de bloques diferencial; 3) fase de hundimiento homogéneo acompañada por la incursión de aguas marinas (provenientes del sureste) durante la parte media del Barremiense; y 4) caída significativa en el nivel de base, de posible origen climático y también involucrando una importante entrada de siliciclásticos en las áreas del norte de la subcuenca, alrededor de la parte media del Barremiense superior.

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Acknowledgements

This research has been financed by Projects CGL2014-53548-P and CGL2017-85038-P of the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-FEDER, as well as by the Aragón regional government (“Reconstrucciones Paleoambientales”, “Análisis de Cuencas Sedimentarias Continentales” and “Geotransfer” research groups). We are grateful to Telm Bover-Arnal and Marian Fregenal-Martínez for comments and suggestions on the original version of the manuscript. JMG is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) of Argentina (Postdoctoral Fellowship). MM-A is supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal (Grant Number SFRH/BPD/113130/2015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dpto. Ciencias de la Tierra. IUCA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    M. Aurell, A. R. Soria, B. Bádenas, C. L. Liesa, J. I. Canudo, E. Medrano-Aguado & A. Meléndez

  2. CONICET-Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Profesor Dr. Juan A. Olsacher”, Zapala, 8340, Neuquén, Argentina

    J. M. Gasca

  3. GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra. Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-526, Caparica, Portugal

    M. Moreno-Azanza

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  1. M. Aurell
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Aurell, M., Soria, A.R., Bádenas, B. et al. Barremian synrift sedimentation in the Oliete sub-basin (Iberian Basin, Spain): palaeogeographical evolution and distribution of vertebrate remains. J Iber Geol 44, 285–308 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-018-0057-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-018-0057-3

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