Abstract
The neutron yield in the \(^{12}\)C(d,n)\(^{13}\)N reaction and the proton yield in the \(^{12}\)C(d,p)\(^{13}\)C reaction have been measured using deuteron beams of energies 0.6–3 MeV. The deuteron beam is delivered from a 4-MeV electrostatic accelerator and bombarded on a thick carbon target. The neutrons are detected at \(0^\circ\), \(24^\circ\), and \(48^\circ\) and the protons at \(135^\circ\) in the laboratory frame. Further, the ratio of the neutron yield to the proton yield was calculated. This can be used to effectively recognize the resonances. The resonances are found at 1.4 MeV, 1.7 MeV, and 2.5 MeV in the \(^{12}\)C(d,p)\(^{13}\)C reaction, and at 1.6 MeV and 2.7 MeV in the \(^{12}\)C(d,n)\(^{13}\)N reaction. The proposed method provides a way to reduce systematic uncertainty and helps confirm more resonances in compound nuclei.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.L. Vogl, Radiative Capture of Protons by \(^{12}\)C and \(^{13}\)C below 700 keV (California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 1963)
R.E. Brown, Experimental study of the \(^{17}\)O(p,\(\gamma\))\(^{14}\)N reaction and a calculation of the rate of this reaction in the CNO cycle in stars. Phys. Rev. 125, 347 (1962). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.125.347
S. Typel, G. Baur, Theory of the Trojan–Horse method. Ann. Phys. 305, 228 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4916(03)00060-5
R.J. Jaszczak, R.L. Macklin, J.H. Gibbons, \(^{12}\)C(d, n)\(^{13}\)N total cross section from 1.2 to 4.5 MeV. Phys. Rev. 181, 1428 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.181.1428
F. Papillon, P. Walter, Analytical use of the multiple gamma-rays from the \(^{12}\)C(d, p)\(^{13}\)C nuclear reaction. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 132, 468 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(97)00438-2
X.D. Tang, S.B. Ma, F. ** the \(^{12}\)C+\(^{12}\)C molecular resonances at low energies. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 30, 126 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-019-0652-9
M. Peng, G.Z. He, Q.W. Zhang et al., Study of neutron production and moderation for sulfur neutron capture therapy. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 30, 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-018-0529-3
A. Curtis, C. Calvi, J. Tinsley et al., Micro-scale fusion in dense relativistic nanowire array plasmas. Nat. Commun. 9, 1077 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03445-z
G. Zhang, M. Huang, A. Bonasera et al., Nuclear probes of an out-of-equilibrium plasma at the highest compression. Phys. Lett. A 383, 2285 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2019.04.048
J.Y. Li, R.J. Wang, Y. Zhang et al., Calculation on the associated particle method for \({90}^\circ\) to measure the neutron yield correction factors of D-D neutron generator. Nucl. Tech. 40, 010202 (2017). https://doi.org/10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010201. (in Chinese)
Y.G. Liu, M. Liu, J.L. Ke et al., Heat-flow-solid coupled analyses of the deuterium-target for compact D–D neutron generator. Nucl. Tech. 40, 010202 (2017). https://doi.org/10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010202. (in Chinese)
H.J. He, X.H. Xu, Y.K. Lu et al., Study of deposition behavior of deuterium in palladium using D–D nuclear reaction. Nucl. Tech. 40, 020201 (2017). https://doi.org/10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.020201. (in Chinese)
T.W. Bonner, J.T. Eisinger, A.A. Kraus et al., Cross section and angular distributions of the (d,p) and (d,n) reactions in \(^{12}\)C from 1.8 to 6.1 MeV. Phys. Rev. 101, 209 (1956). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.101.209
R.W. Michelnn, D. Meyer, K. Bethce et al., Excitation functions for the reactions \(^{10}\)B(d,n)\(^{11}\)C and \(^{12}\)C(d,n)\(^{13}\)N for charged particle activation analysis. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B (Beam Interact. Mater. At.) 51, 1 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(90)90530-8
C.R. Brune, R.W. Kavanagh, Total cross sections and thermonuclear reaction rates for \(^{13}\)C ( d, n) and \(^{14}\)C(d, n). Phys. Rev. C 45, 1382 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.45.1382
https://tendl.web.psi.ch/tendl_2017/deuteron_html/C/DeuteronC12xs.html
M.L. Firouzbakht, D.J. Schlyer, A.P. Wolf et al., Cross-section measurements for the \(^{13}\)C(p,n)\(^{13}\)N and \(^{12}\)C(d,n)\(^{13}\)N nuclear reactions. Radiochim. Acta 55, 1 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1991.55.1.1
L. Csedreki, I. Uzonyi, G. Szki et al., Measurements and assessment of \(^{12}\)C(d, p\(\gamma\))\(^{13}\)C reaction cross sections in the deuteron energy range 740–2000 keV for analytical applications. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 328, 59 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.02.123
M. Mayer, Simnra user’s guide, report ipp 9/113. Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany 1(9), 9 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.59188
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Zhou-Tong He from Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for the target preparation in this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was partially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. XDB16 and XDPB09), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11890714 and 11421505), and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the CAS (No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH002).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, WJ., Ma, YG., Zhang, GQ. et al. Yield ratio of neutrons to protons in \(^{12}\)C(d,n)\(^{13}\)N and \(^{12}\)C(d,p)\(^{13}\)C from 0.6 to 3 MeV. NUCL SCI TECH 30, 180 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-019-0705-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-019-0705-0