SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic diversity assessments of brown rot pathogen Monilinia fructicola based on the six simple sequence repeat loci

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Monilinia fructicola, causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, is an economically important problem worldwide. Six of the sequence tagged microsatellite sites developed for M. fructicola were used to genotype 68 M. fructicola isolates, which included isolates from three cities in Turkey (n = 42) that were compared to isolates from the USA (n = 15) and Italy (n = 11). AMOVA indicated a significant differentiation among samples from the three different countries. Samples from Turkey represented with nine haplotypes indicating a low diversity according to these markers. Samples from the USA with 12 haplotypes showed the highest genetic diversity values among the sample group from the three countries. However, all the samples from Italy were found as a single haplotype with those markers. Based on Nei’s genetic distance measurements, the single genotype from Italy was distinct from the others and samples from Turkey and the USA were genetically closer to each other, which also presented on the principal coordinate plot. While informative, these results suggest that ascertainment bias in marker development may limit the power of these markers when applied to populations of M. fructicola from other locations in the world. Knowledge on genetic diversities and comparative analysis provides valuable insight for recent changes and movements in pathogen populations which is important for the disease management.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  • Abate D, Pastore C, Gerin D, De Miccolis Angelini RM, Rotolo C, Pollastro S, Faretra F (2018a) Characterization of Monilinia spp. populations on stone fruit in South Italy. Plant Dis 102:1708–1717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abate D, De Miccolis Angelini RM, Rotolo C, Pollastro S, Faretra F (2018b) Mating system in the brown rot pathogens Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, and M. fructigena. Phytopathology 108(11):1315–1325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Attanayake RN, Xu L, Chen W (2019) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum populations: clonal or recombining? Tropical Plant Pathol 44(1):23–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blacket MJ, Robin C, Good RT, Lee SF, Miller AD (2012) Universal primers for fluorescent labelling of PCR fragments—an efficient and cost-effective approach to genoty** by fluorescence. Mol Ecol Resour 12(3):456–463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryde R, Willetts H (1977) The brown rot fungi of fruit: their biology and control. Pergamon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Casals C, Teixidó N, Viñas I, Llauradó S, Usall J (2010) Control of Monilinia spp on stone fruit by curing treatments: Part I. The effect of temperature, exposure time and relative humidity on curing efficacy. Postharvest Biol Technol 56(1):19–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen F, Liu X, Schnabel G (2013) First report of brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola in sweet cherry in Maryland. Plant Dis 97(1):145–145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Everhart SE, Askew A, Seymour L, Glenn TC, Scherm H (2012) Spatial patterns of brown rot epidemics and development of microsatellite markers for analyzing fine-scale genetic structure of Monilinia fructicola populations within peach tree canopies. Plant Health Progress 13(1):28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Everhart SE, Scherm H (2015) Fine-scale genetic structure of Monilinia fructicola during brown rot epidemics within individual peach tree canopies. Phytopathology 105(4):542–549

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan J-Y et al (2010) Genetic diversity of populations of Monilinia fructicola (Fungi, Ascomycota, Helotiales) from China. J Eukaryot Microbiol 57(2):206–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fazekas M et al (2014) Genetic diversity in Monilinia laxa populations in stone fruit species in Hungary. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 30(6):1879–1892

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glenn TC (2001) 5′ tags: A cheap way to fluorescently tag PCR products. Website http://dna.uga.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2013/12/5-Primer-Tags-PCR-products.pdf

  • Hartmann FE, Rodríguez de la Vega RC, Carpentier F, Gladieux P, Cornille A, Hood ME, Giraud T (2019) Understanding adaptation, coevolution, host specialization, and mating system in castrating anther-smut fungi by combining population and comparative genomics. Annu Rev Phytopathol 57:431–457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holb IJ (2008) Monitoring conidial density of Monilinia fructigena in the air in relation to brown rot development in integrated and organic apple orchards. Eur J Plant Pathol 120(4):397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hrustić J, Delibašić G, Stanković I, Grahovac M, Krstić B, Bulajić A, Tanović B (2015) Monilinia spp. causing brown rot of stone fruit in Serbia. Plant Dis 99(5):709–717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jänsch M, Frey JE, Hilber-Bodmer M, Broggini GA, Weger J, Schnabel G, Patocchi A (2012) SSR marker analysis of Monilinia fructicola from Swiss apricots suggests introduction of the pathogen from neighbouring countries and the United States. Plant Pathol 61(2):247–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35:1547–1549

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozhar O, Larsen MM, Grünwald NJ, Peever TL (2020) Fungal evolution in anthropogenic environments: Botrytis cinerea populations infecting small fruit hosts in the Pacific Northwest rapidly adapt to human-induced selection pressures. Appl Environ Microbiol 86(9):e02908–e02919

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lane C (2002) A synoptic key for differentiation of Monilinia fructicola, M. fructigena and M. laxa, based on examination of cultural characters. EPPO Bull 32(3):489–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michalakis Y, Excoffier L (1996) A generic estimation of population subdivision using distances between alleles with special reference for microsatellite loci. Genetics 142(3):1061–1064

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Möller M, Stukenbrock EH (2017) Evolution and genome architecture in fungal plant pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol 15(12):756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M (1972) Genetic distance between populations. Am Nat 106(949):283–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ozkilinc H, Frenkel O, Abbo S, Eshed R, Sherman A, Shtienberg D, Can C (2010) A comparative study of Turkish and Israeli populations of Didymella rabiei, the ascochyta blight pathogen of chickpea. Plant Pathol 59(3):492–503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozkilinc H, Akamatsu H, Abang M, Thomas K, Chilvers MI, Peever TL (2011) Development, characterization and linkage analysis of microsatellite loci for the Ascochyta blight pathogen of faba bean, Didymella fabae. J Microbiol Methods 87(1):128–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozkilinc H, Thomas K, Abang M, Peever TL (2015) Population structure and reproductive mode of Didymella fabae in Syria. Plant Pathol 64(5):1110–1119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozkilinc H, Yildiz G, Silan E, Arslan K, Guven H, Altinok HH, Altindag R, Durak MR (2020) Species diversity, mating type assays and aggressiveness patterns of Monilinia pathogens causing brown rot of peach fruit in Turkey. Eur J Plant Pathol 157(4):799–814

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peakall R, Smouse PE (2006) GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes 6(1):288–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peakall R, Smouse PE (2012) GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research—an update. Bioinformatics 28(19):2537–2539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnabel G, Chen F, Everhart SE, Bridges WC, Liu X (2014) Studies on sensitivity reduction in solo and mixture treatments and fungicide-induced mutagenesis in Monilinia fructicola. In: Dehne HW, Deising HB et al (eds) Modern fungicides and antifungal compounds, vol 7. Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft, Braunschweig, pp 263–2682014

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran TT et al (2019) Genotypic structure of Monilinia populations in Western Australia two decades after incursion. Australas Plant Pathol 48(2):167–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villarino M et al (2012) Analysis of genetic diversity in Monilinia fructicola from the Ebro Valley in Spain using ISSR and RAPD markers. Eur J Plant Pathol 132(4):511–524

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University (Project Number: FYL-2018-2587). HO designed the research, contributed to analysis and interpretation of the data, wrote the manuscript; HG performed experimental part and some parts of data analysis; SEE advised in experimental protocols, organized sending samples from the USA and commented on manuscript, RMDMA arranged the Italian samples to send and commented on manuscript. Authors also thank to Dr. Harald Scherm (University of Georgia, Athens, GA/USA) and Prof. Francesco Faretra (University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy) for providing and allowing the samples from their collections.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey

    Hakan Guven & Hilal Ozkilinc

  2. MSc Program in Biomolecular Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey

    Hakan Guven & Hilal Ozkilinc

  3. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, 406 Plant Sciences Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA

    Sydney E. Everhart

  4. Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola, 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Rita Milvia De Miccolis Angelini

Authors
  1. Hakan Guven
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sydney E. Everhart
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rita Milvia De Miccolis Angelini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hilal Ozkilinc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hilal Ozkilinc.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest in the publication.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Guven, H., Everhart, S.E., De Miccolis Angelini, R.M. et al. Genetic diversity assessments of brown rot pathogen Monilinia fructicola based on the six simple sequence repeat loci. J Plant Dis Prot 128, 1459–1465 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-021-00504-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-021-00504-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation