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Effect of physical activity on sleep problems in sedentary adults: a sco** systematic review

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Abstract

This systematic review was steered forward with the aim of analyzing how different forms of exercise could influence the objective and subjective sleep outcome among sedentary adults with sleep problems. A pre-detailed study protocol (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021229649) was used to search for RCTs through five databases. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was assessed by PEDro and studies were included if they scored > 5. Effect size of all outcome measures were calculated using Cohen’s d. Of the 4154 studies, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent quality assessment using 11-point PEDRO scale. 9 studies with PEDro score > 5 were finally included in this systematic review out of which, participants of 4 studies had insomnia (nrange = 37–48, agerange = 44–60 years), 3 studies had poor sleep quality (nrange = 80–275, agerange = 52–70 years) and 2 studies had obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (nrange = 26–68, agerange = 51 years). Majority of studies revealed that physical activity seems to have greater improvement with a large effect size on subjective sleep outcomes among sedentary adults with sleep problems like insomnia, poor sleep quality and OSAS, whereas limited studies and non-significant results were observed on objective sleep outcomes. Physical activity improves sleep outcomes especially among sedentary middle-aged and older adults. More research is needed to examine the effect of physical activity programs on objective sleep outcomes especially in younger sedentary adults with different sleep problems.

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Abbreviations

AHI:

Apnoea–hypopnea index

AI:

Arousal index

ESS:

Epworth sleepiness scale

FOSQ:

Functional outcome of sleep questionnaire

HAE:

High-intensity aerobic exercise

HIIT:

High-intensity interval training

HIIT-EMS:

High-intensity interval training along with whole-body electromyostimulation

IET:

Individualized exercise training

ISI:

Insomnia severity index

LREM:

REM latency

MAE:

Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise

MRE:

Moderate-intensity resistance exercise

NREM:

Non-rapid eye movement

ODI:

Oxygen desaturation index

OSAS:

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

PAR:

Physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization

PEDro:

Physiotherapy evidence database

PLM:

Periodic leg movement

PRISMA:

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses

PSQI:

Pittsburgh sleep quality index

REM :

Rapid eye movement

SE:

Sleep efficiency

SMD:

Standardized mean difference

SOL:

Sleep onset latency

SQ:

Sleep quality

TST:

Total sleep time

TTB:

Total time in bed

TWT:

Total wake time

WASO:

Wake after sleep onset

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 110025, India

    Anushree Rai

  2. Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Gaza, Palestine

    Anushree Rai

  3. Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India

    Mosab Aldabbas & Zubia Veqar

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AR: Conceptualization, data curation, investigation, methodology, roles/writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. MA: Project administration, supervision, visualization, writing—review and editing. ZV: Conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, resources, software, supervision, validation, visualization, writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zubia Veqar.

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Rai, A., Aldabbas, M. & Veqar, Z. Effect of physical activity on sleep problems in sedentary adults: a sco** systematic review. Sleep Biol. Rhythms 22, 13–31 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-023-00494-w

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