Abstract
Slag and fly ash are two of the most common mineral admixtures that can be utilized effectively in the production of engineered cementitious composites (ECC). However, because of the delay in the hydration reaction (pozzolanic) resulted by the mineral admixtures and the associated consumption of Ca (OH)2 during the hydration process (used as an alkali activator), the durability of marine concrete structure might be affected. Therefore, the use of full-scale mineral admixtures in maritime concrete is debatable. This project investigates the microstructural changes and long-term strength development of engineered cementitious composites which incorporate slag (S) and fly ash (FA) as substitutes of distinct cementitious materials. In the investigation, four mixes were used: control mix 0% S and 60% FA (SF-0-60), 5% S and 55% FA mix (SF-5-55), 10% S and 50% FA mix (SF-10-50), and 15% S and 45% FA mix (SF-15-45). Different exposure conditions, such as sodium chloride (NaCl)(soln) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)(soln), were adapted to a pre-cracked specimen. The result indicates that the intensity of calcite and portlandite increases with increasing slag replacement and exposure (curing) conditions, apart from the 5% tidal condition over a prolonged exposure duration, which displayed comparatively few diffraction peaks in comparison with the other specimens due to exceptional circumstances. ECC specimens exposed to Na2SO4(soln) with varying slag replacement are expected to have better strength improvements at prolonged exposure than the same specimens exposed to NaCl(soln). The results suggest that due to the chloride ion's faster rate of penetration than the sulfate ion, Friedel's salt occurs in a higher rate for ECC specimens under NaCl(soln) exposure. Further, composites without slag achieve a highly concentrated CSH crystal with a certain amount of honeycomb due to the quick hydration process in a study on the effects of various salt exposure and slag replacement.
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Acknowledgements
The Shenzhen Natural Science Fund (Nos. 20220811100052001 and JCYJ20220531101415036) provided financial support, which is gratefully acknowledged by the authors. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering (SZU), Grant number 2020B1212060074, is also acknowledged for its technical assistance.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. E.S.D. was involved in conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, visualization, writing—original draft, and writing—review. W. L. was involved in fund acquisition, methodology, formal analysis, supervision, and editing. Z.W. and G.F. were involved in data analysis, visualization, and writing—review and editing. J.L. was involved in data analysis, visualization, and writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Li, W., Shumuye, E.D., Fang, G. et al. Long-Term Durability Prediction of Slag–Fly Ash-Blended Engineered Cementitious Composite Subjected to Chloride and Sulfate Salt. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 48, 2095–2109 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-023-01309-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-023-01309-1