Abstract
Hydraulic jumps are efficient energy dissipaters, and their proper design can help in harnessing the energy of flowing water. By studying the impact of channel slope and surface roughness, researchers can identify optimal conditions for hydraulic jumps to effectively dissipate energy which is ultimately required for environmental sustainability. This knowledge can be applied in the design of hydraulic elements such as weirs, spillways, and energy recovery systems, leading to more sustainable energy generation. In this research, the test was carried out in open channel flow test set-up four channel slope 0°, 2°, 4° and 6° and three roughness heights which were varying from 10 to 30 mm. Throughout experimentation, the Froude number ranged from 2 to 8 and the Reynolds number ranged from 5000 to 26,000. Correlation for different characteristics of the hydraulic jump was developed considering the inflow Reynolds number first time. The combined effect of channel slope and surface roughness are studied in this article and it was found that with an increase in roughness height, energy loss (EL/E1) increases on average by around 29.67%, while it increases on average by about 78.66% when compared to a conventional jump. The average decrement in depth ratio (d2/d1) and relative jump length (Lj/d1) was found approximately 17.04% and 15.96% respectively, whereas as compared to classical jump it decreased by about 45.5% and 23.67% respectively. For roughness heights of 10, 20, and 30 mm respectively, the average increase in the coefficient of bed shear stress (ε) was 88.92%, 96.19%, and 97.29% with an increase in channel slope from 0 to 6°.
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Abbreviations
- B :
-
Divergence ratio
- b :
-
Width of the channel
- C f :
-
Skin friction coefficient
- d 1 :
-
Pre jump depth in slo** channel
- d 2 :
-
Post jump depth in slo** channel
- E 1 :
-
Supercritical flow specific energy
- E 2 :
-
Subcritical flow specific energy
- E L :
-
Energy loss due to jump
- f :
-
Function of
- f 1 :
-
Darcy–Weisbach coefficient before jump
- f 2 :
-
Darcy–Weisbach coefficient after jump
- g :
-
Gravitational acceleration
- h :
-
Roughness height
- H j :
-
Jump height
- Re1 :
-
Inflow Reynolds number
- L j :
-
Length of jump
- L r :
-
Length of roller
- M 1 :
-
Pre jump momentum flux
- M 2 :
-
Post jump momentum flux
- P 1 :
-
Pre jump hydrostatic force
- P 2 :
-
Post jump hydrostatic force
- Q :
-
Discharge
- R 2 :
-
Regression coefficient
- V :
-
Average value of flow velocity
- V 1 :
-
Supercritical velocity of flow
- V 2 :
-
Subcritical velocity of flow
- W :
-
Water weight in jump
- Y 1 :
-
Depth of flow in horizontal channel before jump
- Y 2 :
-
Depth of flow in horizontal channel after jump
- ρ :
-
Density of fluid
- γ :
-
Specific weight
- µ :
-
Fluid viscosity
- θ :
-
Slope of the channel
- ε :
-
Bed shear coefficient
- η :
-
Jump efficiency
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Gupta, S.K., Dwivedi, V.K. Effect of Surface Roughness and Channel Slope on Hydraulic Jump Characteristics: An Experimental Approach Towards Sustainable Environment. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 48, 1695–1713 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-023-01246-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-023-01246-z