Abstract
Purpose
Studies published so far have focused on gynecologic cancer and reported that adenocarcinoma cell type and late-stage are prognostic factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), particularly in ovarian and endometrial cancers. However, the association between VTE and cervical cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for VTE in patients with cervical cancer.
Methods
In this retrospective case–control study, we investigated cervical cancer patients diagnosed from 2011 to 2013 in our hospital. All medical records were comprehensively reviewed to identify VTE cases; these were included in the case group. The control group was sampled by age–group matching. The case-to-control ratio was 1:3. The data were analyzed via conditional logistic regression to identify risk factors for VTE.
Results
The overall incidence of VTE was 8.2% (76/926). Approximately 89% of VTE cases involved deep vein thrombosis. Twenty-one out of 76 VTE patients were diagnosed during pre-treatment. The initial incidence of VTE during cancer diagnosis was 2.27% (21/926). Independent risk factors for overall VTE were adenocarcinoma cell type (odds ratio [OR] 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02, 3.89) and hydronephrosis (OR 2.204, 95% CI 1.03–4.72).
Conclusion
The initial incidence of VTE in cervical cancer patients was 2.27%. Additionally, adenocarcinoma cell type and hydronephrosis were specific risk factors for VTE events in patients with cervical cancer. Our findings suggest that VTE should be monitored by symptoms and physical examination in patients with cervical cancer who initially have hydronephrosis or adenocarcinoma cell type.
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Funding
This study was funded by the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Kornsilp, S., Pichatechaiyoot, A. Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Case–Control Study in Southern Thailand. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog 21, 23 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40944-022-00695-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40944-022-00695-0