SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation of soil corrosivity, competence and comprehensive aquifer evaluation of Orlu and environs, Southeastern Nigeria

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Sustainable Water Resources Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The increasing demand for clean water for domestic and industrial purposes for the rapidly growing population of Orlu and its environs motivated this study. Vertical electrical sounding data, employing the Schlumberger array and AB/2 from 1.0 to 350.0 m, was acquired from fifteen respective locations with the aid of ABEM SAS 4000 resistivity meter. The data was processed using IP2WIN 2.0 to obtain layer resistivity curves and generate geo-electric sections. Various aquifer parameters as well as pum** test information from monitoring Wells were also obtained in addition to new model equations for obtaining aquifer transmissivity from transverse resistance and hydraulic conductivity from aquifer resistivity. 2D geospatial maps and 3D models of the aquifer parameters were obtained using Surfer 21.0. Corrosivity and competence of soils as well as aquifer protective capability of this area were also investigated. Results show that aquifer resistivity varies from 554.3 to 23500 Ωm with Orlu having the highest aquifer conductivity and transmissivity and Ntueke recording the least. The highest aquifer thickness and storativity were observed at Nwangele and the least recorded at Ntueke, while the deepest aquifer was observed at Orsu-Ihiteukwa and the shallowest seen at Ntueke. Results also indicated that the soils of most of the locations are essentially non-corrosive and competent, and the aquiferous units are poorly protected from contamination. These findings are central and critical for groundwater development and sustainability as well as structural engineering, agricultural, and industrial activities in this area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The various datasets used in the course of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  • Agbodike IIC (2019) Estimation of aquifer characteristics in parts of Oru LGA of Imo State, Nigeria using resistivity data. Orient J Phys Sci 4(2):70–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akakuru OC, Onyeanwuna UB, Opara AI, Iheme KO, Njoku AO, Amadi CC, Akaolisa CZ, Okwuosha OR (2023) Electro-geohydraulic estimation of shallow aquifer characteristics of Njaba and environs Southeastern Nigeria. Arab J Geosci 16:318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11378-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akpoborie NA, Nfor AA, Etobro I, Odagwe S (2011) Aspects of the geology and groundwater conditions of Asaba Nigeria. Arch Appl Sci Res 3(2):537–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Atakpo EA, Ayolabi EA (2009) Evaluation of aquifer vulnerability and the protective capacity in some oil producing communities of western Niger Delta. Environmentalist 29:310–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10669-008-9191-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bassey C, Eminue O (2012) Petrographic and stratigraphic analyses of Paleogene Ogwashi-Asaba formation, Anambra Basin Nigeria. NAFTA 63(7–8):247–254

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhandari PP, Dahal KP, Bhattarai J (2013) The corrosivity of soils collected from Araniko highway and Sanothimi areas of Bhaktapur Nepal. J Inst Sci Technol 18(1):71–77

    Google Scholar 

  • De Wiest RJM (1965) Geohydrology. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, pp 366

  • Ekine A, Emujakporue G (2010) Investigation of corrosion of buried oil pipeline by the electrical geophysical methods. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 14(1):63–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekwe AC, Opara AI (2012) Aquifer transmissivity from surface geoelectrical data: a case study of Owerri and environs, Southeastern Nigeria. J Geol Soc India 80(1):355–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeze RA, Cherry JA (1979) Groundwater. Prentice-Hall Inc., Engle Wood Cliffs, New Jersey, pp 49

  • Guma TN, Mohammed SU, Tanimu AJ (2015) A field survey of soil corrosivity level of Kaduna Metropolitan area through electrical resistivity method. Int J Sci Eng 3(12):5–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Heigold PC, Gilkeson RH, Cartwright K, Reed PC (1979) Aquifer transmissivity from surficial electrical methods. Groundwater 17(4):338–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03326.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibeneme SI, Ukiwe LN, Selemo AO, Okereke CN, Nwagbara JO, Obioha YE, Essien AG, Ubechu BO, Chinemelu ES, Ewelike EA, Okechi RN (2013) Hydrogeochemical study of surface water resources of Orlu, Southeastern Nigeria. Int J Water Resour Environ Eng 5(12):670–675

    Google Scholar 

  • Idornigie AI, Olorunfemi MO (2006) Electrical resistivity determination of subsurface layers, subsoil competence and soil corrosivity at an engineering site location in Akungba-Akoko, Southwestern Nigeria. Ife J Sci 8:22–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Iheme KO, Akudinobi BEB, Oyeleke TA, Ibrahim KO, Abubakar HO, Usman AO (2018) An evaluation of groundwater and surface water resources in Orlu and environs, Southeastern Nigeria. J Basic Phys Res 8(2):31–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Mars GF (1987) Corrosion engineering, 3rd edn. McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, p 14

    Google Scholar 

  • NACE (1993) Underground corrosion. National Association of Corrosion Engineering (NACE) publications, the Corrosion 93 Symposium

  • Niwas S, Singhal DC (1981) Estimation of aquifer transmissivity from Dar-Zarrouck parameters in porous media. J Hydrol 50:393–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nwosu LI, Uzor CN, Nwosu BO (2020) Geoelectric map** and assessment of near surface hydro-geologic units for sustainable groundwater development in Orlu area in Imo River Basin Nigeria. Global Sci J 8(2):3786–3814

    Google Scholar 

  • Ojo JS, Olorunfemi MO, Akintorinwa OJ, Bayode S, Omosuyi GO, Akinluyi FO (2015) Subsoil competence characterization of the Akure Metropolis, Southwest Nigeria. J Geogr, Environ Earth Sci Int 3(1):1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oki OA, Egai AO, Akana TS (2016) Soil corrosivity assessment in the pre-design of sub-surface water pipe distributary network in Yenegoa South-South Nigeria using electrical resistivity. Geosciences 6(1):13–20. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.geo.20160601.02

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Onyeagocha AC (1980) Petrography and depositional environments of the Benin formation. J Min Geol 17(2):147–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Onyekwelu CC, Onwubuariri CN, Mgbeojedo TI, Al-Naimi LS, Ijeh BI, Agoha CC (2021) Geo-electrical investigation of the groundwater potential of Ogidi and environs, Anambra State, South-eastern Nigeria. J Petrol Explor Prod 11:1053–1067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01119-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opara AI, Eke DR, Onu NN, Ekwe AC, Akaolisa CZ, Okoli AE, Inyang GE (2020) Geo-hydraulic evaluation of aquifers of the Upper Imo River Basin, Southeastern Nigeria using Dar-Zarrouck parameters. Int J Energ Water Res 5:259–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-020-00099-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reyment RA (1965) Aspects of the geology of Nigeria-The Stratigraphy of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic Deposits. Ibadan University Press, Nigeria, p 133

    Google Scholar 

  • Strahler AN (1973) Physical Geograpy. Wiley, New York/London/ Sydney/Toronto, p 48

    Google Scholar 

  • Todd DK (1980) Groundwater hydrology, 2nd edn. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Todd DK, Mays LW (2005) Groundwater hydrology, 3rd edn. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Uma KO (1989) Appraisal of the groundwater resources of the Imo River Basin Nigeria. J Min Geol 25(1&2):305–315

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiteman A (1982) Nigeria, its petroleum geology, resources and potentials, 2. Graham and Trotman Publ. London, pp 234–241

  • Youssef AM, Omer AA, Ibrahim MS, Ali MH, Cawlfield JD (2011) Geotechnical investigation of sewage wastewater disposal sites and use of GIS land use maps to assess environmental hazards: Sohag, Upper Egypt. Arab J Geosci 4:719–733

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors received no specific funding for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

    C. C. Agoha, C. A. Ebekuo, J. O. Njoku, I. J. Ofoh & S. I. Ibeneme

  2. Geophysical Department, Arab Center for Engineering Studies, Doha, Qatar

    T. I. Mgbeojedo

  3. Department of Physics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 7267, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria

    C. N. Onwubuariri

  4. Department of Applied Geophysics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

    C. N. Nwokeabia

  5. Department of Physics/Electronics, Federal Polytechnic Nekede, P.M.B. 1036, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

    D. N. Anuforo

Authors
  1. C. C. Agoha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. A. Ebekuo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. I. Mgbeojedo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. C. N. Onwubuariri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. O. Njoku
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. I. J. Ofoh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. C. N. Nwokeabia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. S. I. Ibeneme
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. D. N. Anuforo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Agoha C.C. and Ebekuo C.A. conceptualized the presented work. Agoha C.C. developed the theory and performed basic computations. Ebekuo C.A., Onwubuariri C.N. Njoku J.O. and Ofoh I.J. carried out data collection, T.I. Mgbeojedo processed the resistivity data, D.N. Anuforo and Agoha C.C. generated the geospatial maps and cross plots, Ibeneme S.I., Nwokeabia C.N., and Agoha C.C. prepared the manuscript. All the authors read the work and discussed the findings for the submitted manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. I. Mgbeojedo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Ethical approval

The paper reflects the authors’ research and analysis totally and truthfully.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Agoha, C.C., Ebekuo, C.A., Mgbeojedo, T.I. et al. Investigation of soil corrosivity, competence and comprehensive aquifer evaluation of Orlu and environs, Southeastern Nigeria. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 10, 138 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-024-01117-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-024-01117-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation