Abstract
The era of post-industrialization has remarkably increased the concentration of Cr(VI), negatively affecting environmental sustainability. Therefore, Cr(VI) removal from wastewater before discharging into the water bodies is of utmost importance from the ecosystem point of view. This investigation has been undertaken to determine the adsorption efficiencies and capacities of two locally available aquatic weedy plants, namely, Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) (B. mutica) and Cyperus rotundus L. (C. rotundus), for the remediation of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The characterization of the adsorbents has been performed with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The batch study was taken into consideration to determine the impact of different parameters. The results of FTIR showed the presence of various functional groups such as amine, alkane, alkyne, and aromatic rings on the adsorbent’s surface. The adsorption efficiencies for B. mutica and C. rotundus were 80% and 87% at optimized conditions, i.e., 1 pH, 1 g adsorption dose, 20 mg/l initial concentration of metal, 90 min contact time with the 150 rpm shaking speed, and 30 °C temperature. The highest adsorption capacities noticed were 5.07 mg/g and 5.64 mg/g for B. mutica and C. rotundus, respectively. Freundlich isotherm was more appropriate for both adsorbents B. mutica and C. rotundus with the R2 of 0.87 and 0.91, respectively. Pseudo-first-order kinetics was more favored in case of B. mutica, while pseudo-second-order kinetic favored by C. rotundus. According to thermodynamic study, the adsorption process for C. rotundus was exothermic and non-spontaneous at high temperature, while at low temperature, B. mutica shows endothermic as well as non-spontaneous nature. Both plants are unwanted and found abundantly in the aquatic environment. Therefore, using these aquatic plants as efficient bioadsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) has double benefits.
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The authors are grateful to the Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University for the identification of aquatic plant species and the Department of Genetics for providing the FTIR facility.
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Arora, D., Arora, A., Singh, A. et al. Evaluating the applicability of Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) (Paragrass) and Cyperus rotundus L. (Nutgrass) as bioadsorbents to remove Cr(VI): isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 9, 168 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00949-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00949-5