Table 2 The recent advancements in Li–S batteries based on the inhibition of the shuttle effect for various components of the devices
From: Engineering Strategies for Suppressing the Shuttle Effect in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Cell component | Concrete methods | Materials | Sulfur loading (mg cm−2) | Capacity (mAh g−1)/C rate/cycles | Fading rate (%) | S loading (wt%) | E/S (μL mg−1) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cathode | SPPy320V | 1 | 803/2/700 | 0.022 | 39.4 | – | [144] | |
Short-chain sulfur cathodes | S/CFS | 1 | 1027/0.5/500 | 0.036 | 80 | 40 | [145] | |
Interfacial interaction sulfur cathode | CMK–3/S | 4.3 | 60 | 3 | [146] | |||
PPy@S/rGOFs | 4 | 865/0.1/200 | – | 71.3 | 8 | [149] | ||
3DIO FCSe–QDs@NC | 1.5–2 | 801/1/500 | 0.035 | 70.2 | 20 | [88] | ||
Pysical-chemical confined sulfur cathode | S-TVTCSi4-KJB2% | 1 | 652/0.5/500 | 0.037 | 80.8 | 25 | [89] | |
S@CNTS/Ni–PC | 2 | 408/2/500 | 0.1 | 30 | 25 | [90] | ||
Co-NCNT@HC | 1.2 | 750/1.2/1000 | 0.037 | 73.5 | – | [91] | ||
Polymer sulfur cathode | sGNC–S | 2–3 | 829.3/0.5/200 | 0.155 | 74.3 | – | [92] | |
Nb3VS6 | 1.5 | 759/2/1000 | 0.017 | – | – | [93] | ||
S/Ni–Co | 3.84 | ~ 600/1/200 | 0.082 | 74.3 | 8 | [94] | ||
Heterojunction sulfur cathode | NiO–MoS2@CNFs | 1.5 | 973.3/1/500 | 0.018 | – | 12 | [95] | |
v-ZnTe/CoTe2@NC/S | 1.6 | 742/1/500 | 0.022 | 68 | 20 | [96] | ||
vanadium-doped MoS2 (VMS) | 7.2 | 725/1/300 | 0.06 | 75 | 14.7 | [97] | ||
Catalyst sulfur cathode | TiO2-B | 2 | 572/0.2/100 | 0.34 | 61 | 10 | [98] | |
TiO2/BaTiO3 | 1.2 | 541/0.5/500 | 0.08 | 58 | 10 | [99] | ||
HMCS@GO | 1 | 626/0.2/300 | 0.16 | 58.9 | – | [100] | ||
SnS2@NHCS | 1 | 395/1/500 | 0.065 | 69.7 | – | [101] | ||
Fe3C/N–CNF@RGO | 1.6 | 781/0.5/300 | 0.009 | 62.5 | 15 | [102] | ||
Desolvated sulfur cathode | VC@INFeD molecular catalyst | 4 | 727/0.05/80 | – | – | 7 | [156] | |
Separator | Catalyst coating separator | UiO–66D2 modified separators | 2 | 785/1/500 | 0.03 | 75 | 8.9 | [198] |
Se0.06SPAN/MMT@PP | 0.8 | 782/1/1000 | 0.034 | - | 20 | [177] | ||
Heterojunction coating separator | 7ZnO−3ZnS/rGO-modified separator | 1.5 | 636/1/500 | 0.06 | 20 | [178] | ||
Polymer coating separator | C-Lepidolite@PP | 1.42 | 1133/1/450 | 0.068 | 56 | – | [179] | |
Electrolyte | Co-solvents electrolyte systems | VC-ether co-solvent | 4 | 1005/1/30 | – | 80 | 10 | [146] |
Electrolyte additives | Tetrapropylammonium bromide (T3Br) electrolyte additive | 1.5–2 4.6 | 590/1/700 855/0.1/100 | 0.049 0.03 | 56 | 20 10 | [199] | |
Quasi-solid electrolytes | MoS2@rGO-GPE | 5.2 | 819/0.1/500 | 0.04 | – | – | [200] | |
FDH-based electrolyte | 1–1.5 | 445/1/2000 | 0.03 | 50 | - | [149] | ||
PVFH-TOC-PEG | 5 | 802/-/100 | – | 67 | 6 | [157] | ||
Dual-phase electrolyte | GPE(DBE) | TMS | 4 | 715/0.4/250 | - | – | 7.5 | [175] | |
Current density (mA cm−2) | cycle performance (h) | Areal capacity (mAh cm−2) | ||||||
PDUO–Cl@Li | 0.5 | 1000 | 0.5 | [193] | ||||
Anode | Artificial solid electrolyte interphase | 3DIO FCSe–QDs@NC | 3 | 900 | 3 | [88] | ||
Li@CAJL | 1 | 400 | 1 | [201] | ||||
In situ ion-selective interphase | NiO-MoS2@CNFs/Li | 5 | 1000 | 5 | [95] |