Abstract
Copper oxide (CuO) is a promising photocatalyst for decomposing inorganic nitrogen compounds, especially ammonium ions, in wastewater under UV light irradiation. This work aims to develop CuO-based nanocomposites using the reduced 2D graphene oxide (rGO) and 1D multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with mixed design ratios for photocatalytically degrading ammonium ions under UV illumination. The CuO-based nanocomposites were prepared by combining precipitation and annealing methods. The CuO nanoparticles (NPs) were well decorated on rGO and MWCNTs. The UV-Vis spectra revealed that the CuO-rGO and CuO/(rGO-MWCNTs) can effectively utilize photons from the visible spectrum. Thus, CuO-rGO and CuO/(rGO-MWCNTs) established acceptable photocatalytic action and effective ammonium ions removal from wastewater under UV irradiation compared to CuO. The determined band gap energy by UV–Vis spectra of the synthesized CuO was about 1.33 eV, which was reduced to 1.27 eV, 1.17 eV, and 1.14 eV with the CuO-rGO, CuO/(rGO-MWCNTs “70:30”), and CuO/(rGO-MWCNTs “50:50”) nanocomposites, respectively. According to the findings, CuO-base nanostructures have a solid quantum size confinement effect because their band gap energy is higher than that of CuO-based nanocomposites. The developed CuO-rGO nanocomposites showed effective photocatalytic activity of 91.4, and the designed ratio of CuO/(rGO-MWCNTs “70:30”) showed a comparable value of 90.6 ammonia degradation compared to CuO NPs (87.2%) after two hours under UV light irradiation. Thus, utilizing CuO-based rGO and MWCNTs photocatalysts for ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) degradation by UV light is one of the most promising approaches in wastewater treatment.
Highlights
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Carbon-based nanocomposites of CuO NPs were synthesized by co-precipitation method.
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Mixed design ratios of MWCNTs and rGO with CuO nanoparticles were developed.
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The nanocomposites are promising photocatalysts for ammonia degradation.
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The nanocomposites exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity under UV light.
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The nanocomposites exhibited high stability and recyclability.
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Data Availability
The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper, its supplementary information files, and from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.
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Hamdy Maamoun Abdel-Ghafar, Ahmed Abdel-Halim Abbass, and Sabah M. Abdelbasir contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Hamdy Maamoun Abdel-Ghafar, and Ahmed Abdel-Halim Abbass. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Hamdy Maamoun Abdel-Ghafar, and Ahmed Abdel-Halim Abbass and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Ahmed Baioumy Azzam, and Farida Mohammed Saad El-Din El-Dars contributing in contributed in reviewing the final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Abbass, A.AH., Abdel-Ghafar, H.M., Abdelbasir, S.M. et al. Photocatalytic Degradation of Ammonium-rich Wastewater by CuO-based Nanocomposites. Environ. Process. 11, 10 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-024-00685-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-024-00685-8