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Molecular screening reveals a photoperiod responsive floral regulator in sugarcane

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Abstract

Flowering is a major factor that can decrease sugarcane productivity because it affects the quantity and quality of feedstock due to sucrose consumption from the stalk during inflorescence formation. Photoperiod is the main environmental factor involved in sugarcane floral induction, which occurs by the integration of gene regulatory networks in response to environmental and endogenous stimuli. One of the gene families involved in these regulatory networks are orthologs of the Arabidopsis thaliana FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, which encodes a phloem-mobile signal that stimulates floral induction at the shoot apical meristem. This work investigates homologs of the FT gene in sugarcane, as well as determines the putative function of these genes under inductive short-day photoperiods. We conducted in silico analyses to isolate putative FT orthologs in sugarcane and examined the expression levels of these genes under different photoperiodic conditions over a 24-hour-day-cycle in contrasting cultivars with different flowering responses. Three new FT orthologs were found with high similarity to FT homologs in other species. Among three genes identified, we focused on ScFT6, which has conserved amino acid sequence domains at characteristic positions for the flowering inducer of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) gene family. ScFT6 expression varied according to diurnal variation and demonstrated a high transcriptional level under inductive shortening-day conditions. Cultivars with distinct flowering time responses display variable expression for the ScFT6. Therefore, ScFT6 is a putative orthologous gene in relation to FT that is controlled by photoperiod and diurnal regulation in sugarcane.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by CNPq (The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development grant #437647/2018-8 and #310216/2019-2) and CAPES (Brazilian federal government agency under the Ministry of Education).

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  1. Department of Biology, Plant Physiology Sector, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil

    Manoel Viana Linhares-Neto, Pedro Vitor Schumacher, Thales Henrique Cherubino Ribeiro, Carlos Henrique Cardon, Pâmela Marinho Resende & Antonio Chalfun-Junior

  2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada

    Joseph Colasanti

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40626_2023_276_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 1 Day length throughout the experiment period according to each treatment. The plants were acclimated for 20 days at greenhouse with shade netting of 50% spacing. Two light treatments were imposed on the sugarcane plants for 30 days, with a daily reduction of 1 min. Leaf samples were collected after 30 days. Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 23.5 kb)

40626_2023_276_MOESM2_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 2 Conserved PEBP domain present in sugarcane FT and TFL putative orthologs: ScFT6 (a), ScTFL3 (b) and ScTFL4 (c). Query seq. indicates the length of the query sequence by the number of amino acids. Small triangles indicate the amino acid involved in conserved features/sites, such as catalytic and binding sites. Data generated from < https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/>. Supplementary material 2 (DOCX 90.6 kb)

40626_2023_276_MOESM3_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 3 Fold-change estimates for the ScFT6 gene expression over 24-hours. The log2 fold-changes for four contrasts (abscissa) are presented. Interval bars indicate the 95% confidence interval. Comparisons between times of day whose confidence interval includes the value 0 (1 in fold-change scale) are not significant at α = 5%. Supplementary material 3 (DOCX 72.1 kb)

40626_2023_276_MOESM4_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 4 Fold-change estimates for the ScFT6 gene expression under two contrasting photoperiod (Shortening-day—Lengthening-day). The log2 fold-changes for two contrasts (abscissa) are presented. Interval bars indicate the 95% confidence interval. Comparisons between photoperiods whose confidence interval includes the value 0 (1 in fold-change scale) are not significant at α = 5%. Supplementary material 4 (DOCX 18.1 kb)

40626_2023_276_MOESM5_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 5 Mean stalk diameter, ASD, (a) and mean stalk height, MSH, (b) of cultivars RB 85-5453 (flowering) and CTC 9003 (non-flowering). The symbol (*) indicates statistical difference between means by F test at p ≤ 0.05. The vertical bars indicate the standard errors of the mean. Supplementary material 5 (DOCX 74.8 kb)

40626_2023_276_MOESM6_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 6 Percentage of dead leaves (% DF, left) and leaf area (LA, right) of cultivars RB 85-5453 and CTC 9003. The symbol (*) indicates statistical difference between means by F test at p ≤ 0.05. Supplementary material 6 (DOCX 76.1 kb)

40626_2023_276_MOESM7_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 7 Fold-change estimates for the ScFT6 gene expression in two sugarcane contrasting cultivars, under two contrasting photoperiod (Shortening-day—Lengthening-day). The log2 fold-changes for three contrasts (abscissa) are presented. Interval bars indicate the 95% confidence interval. Comparisons between cultivars whose confidence interval includes the value 0 (1 in fold-change scale) are not significant at α = 5%. Supplementary material 7 (DOCX 94.3 kb)

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Linhares-Neto, M.V., Schumacher, P.V., Ribeiro, T.H.C. et al. Molecular screening reveals a photoperiod responsive floral regulator in sugarcane. Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. 35, 199–214 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-023-00276-2

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