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Flowering enhancement in cassava through gamma irradiation: a comparative study of gamma induced mutants vis-a-vis collected clones of cassava

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Abstract

An experiment was conducted to see the effectiveness of gamma-irradiation on flowering, fruiting and seed set of cassava in open-pollination and hand-made crosses. Gamma-irradiation improved the flowering, fruit and seed set of two cultivars Sree Jaya and H-226. Among the mutants of Sree Jaya, SJ-15-3, SJ-15-11, SJ-15-15, SJ 15-37, SJ-30-1 and SJ-30-4 had 8.0 to 10.6 average female flowers/ cluster than Sree Jaya (5.35). But, the majority of mutants of H-226 had average female flowers/cluster on par with H-226. The highest average female flowers/cluster was found for the indigenous clone CI-130 (11.6). The clones CI-130 and FB-1 had the maximum attainable-female flowers and maximum open-pollinated fruits/cluster. Nineteen mutants had more number of open-pollinated fruits/cluster than Sree Jaya (1.74) and 8 mutants had more number of open-pollinated fruits/cluster than H-226 (1.88). A high per cent of fruit set was observed for the cross CI-448 × Sree Padmanabha (76.0%) followed by CI-130 × 9S127 (71.9%). A total of 6219 crosses were made including selfing of male parents that resulted in 2360 seeds. The mean fruit set in open pollination (36.7%) was higher than that of handmade crosses (17.1%). The highest average seeds/fruit were found for the crosses CR 43-7 × Sree Padmanabha (3.0) and 8S501 × Sree Padmanabha (3.0). The average seeds/fruit in some crosses was < 1.0 indicating the fruit development in crosses without seeds. The clones CI-130, CI-448 and the mutant SJ-15-24 could be promoted as good general combiners. Inbreeding did not affect fruit and seed set much, but none of the inbreed seeds of Sree Padmanabha was germinated. Staggered planting would help the continuous supply of female flowers for hybridization.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Dr K.I. Asha for supplying the planting material of CI-130 and CI-448 clones. They are also thankful to Dr M.N. Sheela for supplying the planting material of other indigenous and exotic clones. We also would like to express deep sense of gratitude to Dr Ashok Hadapad of BARC for monitoring of the project. The authors express their gratitude to the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences, the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India for funding the research.

Funding

This work was supported by Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India (Grant number 35/14/35/2018-BRNS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695017, India

    A. V. V. Koundinya & B. R. Ajeesh

  2. Central Horticultural Experiment Station, RS, ICAR-IIHR, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    A. V. V. Koundinya

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  1. A. V. V. Koundinya
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Contributions

Conceptualization [A.V.V. Koundinya]; Investigation; Data curation [A.V.V. Koundinya and B.R. Ajeesh]; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Writing—original draft; Writing—review & editing [A.V.V. Koundinya].

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Correspondence to A. V. V. Koundinya.

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Koundinya, A.V.V., Ajeesh, B.R. Flowering enhancement in cassava through gamma irradiation: a comparative study of gamma induced mutants vis-a-vis collected clones of cassava. Plant Physiol. Rep. 28, 429–447 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-023-00736-6

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