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Investigation on the Solidification and Phase Transformation in Pb-Free Solders Using In Situ Synchrotron Radiography and Diffraction: A Review

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) Aims and scope

Abstract

It is widely accepted that further development of Pb-free solder alloys for improved processing and in-service properties of next-generation electronics, can be accelerated through a fundamental understanding of phase transformation and microstructure control in Pb-free solder joints. Advanced characterization techniques including synchrotron radiation provide a comprehensive toolset to measure the composition, crystallography, morphology, and properties of the major components of solder alloys. The research using such techniques is reviewed in detail including the characterization of the effects of micro-alloy additions on the microstructure and properties of Pb-free solder joints, especially those on the intermetallic phases. The discoveries outlined are of scientific and industrial relevance and have implications for new solder alloy composition design and the reliability of lead-free solder joints.

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Acknowledgements

Guang Zeng acknowledges the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51904352), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No. 2020JJ5758), and the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NPU (Grant No. SKLSP201904). The authors are grateful for funding from the University of Queensland-Nihon Superior Collaborative Research Programme (Grant No. 2016001895), the Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery (DP200101949) and Linkage (LP180100595) grants. Hideyuki Yasuda acknowledges the financial support from JSPS KAKENHI (Grant No. JP17H06155) for develo** the observation technique and performing the time-resolve and in situ observations at SPring-8.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Guang Zeng

  2. Nihon Superior Centre for the Manufacture of Electronic Materials (NS CMEM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Guang Zeng, Shiqian Liu, Stuart D. McDonald & Kazuhiro Nogita

  3. Graduate School, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 515118, China

    Shiqian Liu

  4. Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO. 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia

    Qinfen Gu

  5. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, **’an, 710072, China

    Zebang Zheng

  6. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Hideyuki Yasuda

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  1. Guang Zeng
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  2. Shiqian Liu
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  7. Kazuhiro Nogita
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Zeng, G., Liu, S., Gu, Q. et al. Investigation on the Solidification and Phase Transformation in Pb-Free Solders Using In Situ Synchrotron Radiography and Diffraction: A Review. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 35, 49–66 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-021-01350-x

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